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IB Biology Review

What is the goal of meiosis? . To create haploid cells from diploid cellsAnother way of thinking about it is Somatic cell -> gamete . Meiosis Vocab. GenesA discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNASomatic cellA diploid body cell Gamete a h

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IB Biology Review

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    1. IB Biology Review Chapter 13: Meiosis

    2. What is the goal of meiosis? To create haploid cells from diploid cells Another way of thinking about it is Somatic cell -> gamete

    3. Meiosis Vocab Genes A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA Somatic cell A diploid body cell Gamete a haploid cell such as an egg or sperm Asexual reproduction Type of reproduction that involves one parent producing two identical offspring by budding or binary fission Sexual reproduction Type of reproduction in which two parents produce offspring with unique combinations of genes

    4. Meiosis Vocab Cont. Diploid cell Cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from each parent Haploid cell Cell with one set of chromosomes; gamete Autosome A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex Sex chromosome One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for the sex of an individual Zygote The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg

    5. Meiosis Vocab cont. Synapsis The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis Crossing over The reciprocal exchange of exchange material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis Chiasma / Chiasmata (plural) The X-shaped, microscopically visible region where homologous chromatids exchange genetic material in crossing over Tetrad A paired set of homologous chromosomes, composed of two sister chromatids Forms during prophase I of meiosis Recombinant chromosome A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome Nondisjunction An error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to move apart correctly Can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes

    6. What are the stages of meiosis? Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and cytokinesis I Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and cytokinesis II

    7. What happens during prophase I? Chromosomes condense / coil / become shorter and fatter Homologous chromosomes pair up Crossing over /chiasmata form

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