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The Search for a New Foreign Policy Paradigm

This article explores different foreign policy paradigms, such as hegemonism, realism, isolationism, and liberalism, and their implications for US foreign policy. It also examines the challenges facing the United States in today's world, including international terrorism, globalized economy, promoting democracy, and maintaining international peace. The search for a new foreign policy paradigm is discussed in the context of changing global dynamics and the need for a comprehensive and effective approach.

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The Search for a New Foreign Policy Paradigm

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  1. POLI 314: U.S. Foreign Policy Dr. Kevin Lasher

  2. The Search for A New Foreign Policy Paradigm

  3. Definitions • Foreign Policy Paradigm • Foreign Policy Logic • Grand Strategy It is the “big idea” of foreign and national security policy — the overarching concept that links ends, ways and means, the organizing principle that allows a country to purposively plan and prioritize the use of all instruments of national power.

  4. Cold War 1947-1991

  5. Truman Kennan Containment

  6. Lens of Containment

  7. 1991

  8. Paradigm ? ? ? ? ? ?

  9. Paradigm ? ? ? ? ? ?

  10. Paradigm ? ? ? ? ? ?

  11. Paradigm ? ? ? ? ? ?

  12. The Search for a New "Paradigm" End of History U.S. Hegemony New World Order The New Isolationism Enlargement and Engagement

  13. What is America’s Role in the World Today?

  14. What are the Foreign Policy Challenges facing the United States Today? 1990s (before 9/11) _________________________________ Bush Era [after 9/11] Obama Era Trump Era

  15. International Terrorism

  16. Globalized Economy

  17. Promoting Democracy

  18. Human Rights

  19. International Peacekeeping

  20. International Drug Trade

  21. Environmental Problems

  22. Weapons of Mass Destruction

  23. Rogue Nations IRAN North Korea

  24. Engaging China

  25. Russia’s Future

  26. Peace in the Middle East

  27. Iraq (before 9/11)

  28. New Paradigms

  29. New Paradigms • Hegemonism • Realism • Isolationism • Liberalism • Liberal Internationalism • Radical Anti-Imperialism

  30. Hegemonism

  31. Hegemonism

  32. Hegemonism

  33. Hegemonism

  34. Hegemonism • US as single superpower (preponderance) • Preserve US dominance into future • Use military, economic, cultural power to pursue US interests • Self-interested Pax Americana • Containment of China? • US must respond to terrorism

  35. Hegemonism • US leadership is crucial • US needs to create stable int’l system • US serves its own and world interests; strong moral component • Clinton’s multilateral, “timid” version • Bush’s unilateral, assertive version

  36. Hegemonism: Problems • Too costly in resources and lives • American public may not support • Cannot prevent rise of “challengers” • Create anti-US backlash • Containment of China is impractical • Era of empires is over • Need int’l cooperation to fight terrorism

  37. Realism

  38. Realism

  39. Realism • International system is anarchic • Key actors are states, especially great powers • Survival/protection comes from power, especially military power • US must promote its own national interest • Pragmatic use of military power • Primary logic during Cold War (but not pure version)

  40. Realism • Conflict, not war, is inevitable; “peace” through balance of power • Alliances and int’l institutions can be useful “tools” to be discarded when needed • Avoids inserting morality into foreign policy • Post-Cold War version

  41. Realism: Problems • Realism in a unipolar world? • Does not explain democratization, globalization, interdependence • How to deal with terrorist threats from non-state actors? • Can US act as amoral nation? • Understanding and support of American people? • What are the true threats facing US ?

  42. Isolationism

  43. Isolationism • US should play a much smaller role in world affairs; abandon “superpower syndrome” • US should reduce its military role abroad • Use military for direct security threats • US seek “normal” economic and political interaction with rest of world

  44. Isolationism: Why? • Declinism: US cannot afford to maintain its “superpower role” • Come Home America: US needs to focus on long-ignored domestic problems • Insoluble problems: US cannot “solve” may current international problems

  45. Isolationism: Problems • Rejects any remnant of American idealism • Can other countries “fill the gap” left by American withdrawal? • Short-term benefits, long-term costs • Security threats to America still exist • Economic dependence on national security spending • Does it address terrorism question?

  46. Liberalism

  47. Liberalism

  48. Liberalism =

  49. Liberalism • Wilsonianism or Idealism • US should actively promote the growth of democracy and free markets; promote human rights and self-determination • Use economic, political, and military tools to support democracy and free markets • Establish viable collective security system

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