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Physics 6B

Physics 6B. Magnetic Forces and Fields. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB. What creates a magnetic field?. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES.

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Physics 6B

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  1. Physics 6B Magnetic Forces and Fields Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  2. What creates a magnetic field? Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  3. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  4. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES What is affected by a magnetic field? Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  5. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES What is affected by a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  6. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES What is affected by a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES We have a formula for magnetic force on a moving charge: Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  7. What creates a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES What is affected by a magnetic field? Answer: MOVING CHARGES We have a formula for magnetic force on a moving charge: • This is a vector cross-product. We need a right-hand-rule to find the direction of this force. • How to find the direction: • 0)Use your RIGHT HAND • Fingers start in the direction of the charge’s velocity. • Curl fingers toward the direction of the magnetic field. • Thumb points in the direction of the magnetic force on the charge. • If the charge is negative, flip your hand over. • Important notes: If velocity is aligned with the magnetic field, force is zero. • Magnetic force is always perpendicular to both the velocity and the B-field. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  8. A A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge A, a positive charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  9. A A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge A, a positive charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -Fingers start along A’s velocity (up in the picture) -Fingers bend toward B-field (into the page) -Thumb sticks out to the left. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  10. B A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge B, a positive charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  11. B A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge B, a positive charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -Fingers start along B’s velocity (up and to the left in the picture) -Fingers bend toward B-field (into the page) -Thumb sticks out down and to the left. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  12. C A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge C, a negative charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  13. C A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on charge C, a negative charge. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -Fingers start along C’s velocity (to the right in the picture) -Fingers bend toward B-field (into the page) -Thumb sticks out upward. -Force is downward. (negative charges are pushed in the opposite direction) Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  14. A C A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Now that we can find the force on a charge, we should be able to predict its trajectory. Notice that the force is always perpendicular to the velocity. This will yield a circular path. In other words, the magnetic force is a centripetal force. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Notice that in this diagram, A is a positive charge, and moves counter-clockwise. Since B is a negative charge, it moves the opposite direction - clockwise. So you can tell the sign of the charge by which direction it rotates in a magnetic field. What path would a neutral charge follow? Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  15. I A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. Find the direction of the magnetic force on the wire, with current flowing as shown. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pretend that positive charges are flowing in the direction of the current. -Fingers start along A’s current (up in the picture) -Fingers bend toward B-field (into the page) -Thumb sticks out to the left. There is a formula for the force on a wire in a B-field: Length of wire Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  16. Mass Spectrometer Ions are fired into a region of constant magnetic field. Magnetic force pushes it into a circular path and the impact location will determine the mass/charge ratio of the ion. Velocity selector Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  17. Application: Torque on a current loop. The square loop of wire has current I running through it as shown. If a uniform magnetic field passes through the loop it will rotate due to the magnetic forces on the 4 sides of the loop. Note that the net force will be zero, but the loop will spin in an attempt to align itself with the magnetic field (so that the maximum number of field lines pass through the loop). Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  18. How can you create a magnetic field? Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  19. How can you create a magnetic field? Answer: move some charges (e.g. make current flow in a wire) Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  20. How can you create a magnetic field? Answer: move some charges (e.g. make current flow in a wire) Magnetic Field Near a Long Straight Wire: This formula gives the magnitude of the magnetic field near a wire. The B-field takes the shape of concentric rings centered on the wire. A right-hand-rule will give the orientation: -Put your thumb along the wire in the direction of the current. -Curl your fingers around the wire (as if you are grasping the wire) -Your fingers are the field lines. R = distance from wire Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  21. Wire #1 I1 Wire #2 I2 2 current-carrying wires will put magnetic forces on each other. Wire #1 and #2 below both have current flowing to the right. Find the direction of the magnetic force on each wire. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  22. Wire #1 I1 Wire #2 I2 2 current-carrying wires will put magnetic forces on each other. Wire #1 and #2 below both have current flowing to the right. Find the direction of the magnetic force on each wire. The magnetic field created by wire #1 is shown. The field points into the page in the vicinity of wire #2, creating magnetic force upward on wire #2. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  23. Wire #1 I1 Wire #2 I2 2 current-carrying wires will put magnetic forces on each other. Wire #1 and #2 below both have current flowing to the right. Find the direction of the magnetic force on each wire. Now we see the field created by wire #2. The field points out of the page in the vicinity of wire #1, creating magnetic force downward on wire #1. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  24. Wire #1 I1 Wire #2 I2 2 current-carrying wires will put magnetic forces on each other. Wire #1 and #2 below both have current flowing to the right. Find the direction of the magnetic force on each wire. Basic result: Parallel curents - wires will attract each other Anti-parallel currents - wires will repel. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  25. The field near a straight wire is curved into loops. How can you create a straight magnetic field? Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  26. The field near a straight wire is curved into loops. How can you create a straight magnetic field? Answer: Bend the wire into a loop (or lots of loops – make a coil of wire). Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

  27. The field near a straight wire is curved into loops. How can you create a straight magnetic field? Answer: Bend the wire into a loop (or lots of loops – make a coil of wire). Magnetic Field in a Solenoid (aka coil) n is the number of loops per meter Notice the direction of the field – it looks very much like a bar magnet. The B-field lines go in through the south pole and come out through the north pole. Inside the coil the field is nearly uniform and points along the axis. To find the direction you can use a right-hand-rule: -Curl your fingers around the coil in the direction of the current. -Stick out your thumb: this is the direction of the B-field inside. The strength of the field can be increased by inserting an iron core. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB

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