1 / 20

In the name of God

1. In the name of God. Biopolymers. By:A.Sohrabpour. 2. Polymer: Poly + Meros. Polymers can be separated into 3 general categories: 1. Thermoplastic polymers 2. Thermosetting polymers 3. Elastomers. By:A.Sohrabpour. 3. Thermoplastic polymers-Thermoplastics (T-P).

eloise
Télécharger la présentation

In the name of God

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 1 In the name of God Biopolymers By:A.Sohrabpour

  2. 2 Polymer:Poly + Meros • Polymers can be separated into 3 general categories: • 1.Thermoplastic polymers • 2.Thermosetting polymers • 3.Elastomers By:A.Sohrabpour

  3. 3 Thermoplastic polymers-Thermoplastics (T-P) • Solid materials at room temperature but viscous liquids when heated to temperatures of only a few hundred degrees. • This characteristic allows them to be easily and economically shaped into products • They can be subjected to heating and cooling cycles repeatedly without significant degradation By:A.Sohrabpour

  4. 4 Thermosetting polymers- Thermosets (T-S) • Cannot tolerate repeated heating cycles as thermoplastics can • When initially heated, they soften and flow for molding • But elevated temperatures also produce a chemical reaction that harden the materials into an infusible solid • If reheated, thermosets degrade and char rather than soften By:A.Sohrabpour

  5. 5 Elastomers • Polymers that exhibit extreme elastic extensibility when subjected to relatively low mechanical stress • Also known as rubbers • Some Elastomers can be stretched by factor of 10 and yet completely recover to their original shape • Although their properties are quite different from thermosets, the share a similar molecular structure that is different from the thermoplastics By:A.Sohrabpour

  6. 6 Biopolymers-Bio degradable polymers • Biopolymers and bioplastics go by many different names. They are often referred to as bio-based plastics and polymers, or as biodegradable plastics or polymers. • Biopolymers are polymers which are present in, or created by, living organisms. These include polymers from renewable resources that can be polymerized to create bioplastics. • Bioplastics are plastics manufactured using biopolymers, and are biodegradable. By:A.Sohrabpour

  7. 7 Biopolymers-History • Biopolymers and bioplastics are not new products. Henry Ford developed a method of manufacturing plastic car parts from soybeans in the mid-1900s. However, World War II side-tracked the production of bioplastic cars. Today, bioplastics are gaining popularity once again as new manufacturing techniques developed through biotechnology are being applied to their production. By:A.Sohrabpour

  8. There are two main types of biopolymers: 8 Types of Biopolymers Both types are used in the production of bioplastics. By:A.Sohrabpour

  9. 9 BiopolymersFrom Living Organisms • These biopolymers are present in, or created by, living organisms. These include carbohydrates and proteins. These can be used in the production of plastic for commercial purposes. Examples are listed in the table below… By:A.Sohrabpour

  10. 10 BiopolymersFrom Living Organisms By:A.Sohrabpour

  11. 11 BiopolymersFrom Living Organisms By:A.Sohrabpour

  12. 12 Polymerizable Molecules • These molecules come from renewable natural resources, and can be polymerized to be used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. • Examples of these polymers listed in below table: By:A.Sohrabpour

  13. 13 Polymerizable Molecules By:A.Sohrabpour

  14. 14 Polymerizable Molecules By:A.Sohrabpour

  15. There are two methods being researched and used to produce plastics from plants: 15 How are Biopolymers and Bioplastics Made? By:A.Sohrabpour

  16. 16 Fermentation • Fermentation, used for hundreds of years by humans, is even more powerful when coupled with new biotechnology techniques. Fermentation is the use of microorganisms to break down organic substances in the absence of oxygen.There are two ways fermentation can be used to create biopolymers and bioplastics: • 1. Bacterial Polyester Fermentation • 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation By:A.Sohrabpour

  17. 17 Bacterial Polyester Fermentation • Bacteria are one group of microorganisms that can be used in the fermentation process. Fermentation, in fact, is the process by which bacteria can be used to create polyesters. Bacteria called Ralstonia eutropha are used to do this. The bacteria use the sugar of harvested plants, such as corn, to fuel their cellular processes. The by-product of these cellular processes is the polymer. The polymers are then separated from the bacterial cells. Fermentation By Ralstonia eutropha The main production Harvested plants Polymer Separation Resultant productions By:A.Sohrabpour

  18. 18 Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic acid is fermented from sugar, much like the process used to directly manufacture polymers by bacteria. However, in this fermentation process, the final product of fermentation is lactic acid, rather than a polymer. After the lactic acid is produced, it is converted to polylactic acid using traditional polymerization processes. By:A.Sohrabpour

  19. 19 Growing Plastics in Plants Sunlight Plastic production process Transferring the genes into The plant Harvesting the plant, Extracting the plastic by A solvent Distillation of resultant Liquid ,separation of plastics And solvent extracted crude plastic Solvent By:A.Sohrabpour

  20. "I do appreciate" By:A.Sohrabpour

More Related