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Understanding Aerosols: Types, Sources, Sizes, and Measurement Techniques

This comprehensive guide explores aerosols, focusing on their types, such as liquids and solids, including dust, smoke, and pollen. It discusses sources like sea dust and industrial particulates, as well as their sizes and measurement techniques through various methods, including PM10 and TSP. The guide highlights the significance of aerosol concentrations and their impact on air quality in urban environments, providing insight into the health implications associated with elevated particulate levels.

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Understanding Aerosols: Types, Sources, Sizes, and Measurement Techniques

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  1. AEROSOLS: types • LIQUIID • SOLID • Dust • Smoke • Fly ash • pollen • Cloud • Mist • Fog • smog

  2. Mount manitoba, June 1991

  3. Asian brown cloud over China

  4. AEROSOLS: sources DUST SEA • Dust • Smoke • Fly ash • pollen • plant fragments • cement • brake lining • tires • soil chemical concentration factor (surface effects) CCF = [aerosol]/[sea]

  5. AEROSOLS: sizes • > 400 nm scatter light • < 0.01 micron coagulate • > 10 micron settle out • Typical size: 0.1-1 micron

  6. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 • light scattering • collecting on filters

  7. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Coefficient of Haze Draw 300 meters through a filter measure absorbance x 100 >6 bad for asthma typical samples 5-10 micron

  8. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Total Suspended Particulate Weighing after filtering Units: μg/m3 “normal” ~ 10 μg/m3 sometimes 500 μg/m3 in cities

  9. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Inhalable Particulates Generally IP ~ 0.45 TSP

  10. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Total Dust Fall units: g m-2 month-1 should be < 7 g m-2 month-1 often exceeded in industrial areas

  11. AEROSOLS: how to measure them • Alphabet soup: • COH • TSP • IP • TDF • PM10 Particulate matter < 10 micron PM10 = TSP < 10 μ

  12. Combustion Products. Fly-ash vs. bottom-ash 150 PAHs With 2 – 7 rings

  13. • Nuclei mode • Accumulation mode • Coarse particle mode

  14. Particulate air quality in major world cities. Values are annual PM10 means. Horizontal line is WHO air quality guideline

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