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E. S. Poloni, A. Sanchez-Mazas, G. Jacques, L. Sagart 2005

E. S. Poloni, A. Sanchez-Mazas, G. Jacques, L. Sagart 2005. COMPARING LINGUISTIC AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EAST ASIAN POPULATIONS: A STUDY OF THE RH AND GM POLYMORPHISMS. Continental East Asia probably one of the earliest regions settled by our species, Homo sapiens sapiens

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E. S. Poloni, A. Sanchez-Mazas, G. Jacques, L. Sagart 2005

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  1. E. S. Poloni, A. Sanchez-Mazas, G. Jacques, L. Sagart 2005 COMPARING LINGUISTIC AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIPSAMONG EAST ASIAN POPULATIONS: A STUDY OF THE RHAND GM POLYMORPHISMS

  2. Continental East Asia • probably one of the earliest regions settled by ourspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens • numerous studies on variation of molecular markers in continental East Asian populations with contradictory results • much cultural diversity Introduction

  3. Rhesus (RH)system: consists of specific antigens expressed on the surface of the red cell and encoded in a set of genes on human chromosome 1. GM system : consists of antigens (allotypes) encoded in a set of genes onchromosome 14 and expressed on specificimmunoglobulins(IgGclass)circulating in the serum. Two Serological markers

  4. linguistic classification • geographicproximity genetic affinities observed among EastAsian populations Proposed interpretation: existence of a commonality in the history of genetic differentiation and linguistic diversification results

  5. RH GM Austronesian 12 (2,222) 14 (3,515) Austroasiatic9 (1,165) 4 (944) Tai-Kadai 6 (1,004) 11 (1,548) Hmong-Mien - - 3 (345) Sino-Tibetan 34 (6,581) 70 (9,555) Total 61 (10,972) 102 (15,437) Representation of the linguistic families bynumbers of population samples (andnumbers of individuals) in the analyses

  6. linguistic affiliation

  7. GM data Sino-Tibetan group highly and significantly differentiated from all other groups some degree of genetic structure within the Sino-Tibetan group itself 4subgroups: northern Tibeto-Burman northern Chinese Han group of South easternMandarin and Wu speakers a southern group (Han speakers of southern Chinese languages and southern Tibeto-Burmans) Genetic and linguistic affinities among populations

  8. all the language families of EastAsia, south of Altaic,developed from the language of the first domesticators ofrice, ca. 10,000 years BP(Sagart, 1994) 'Austric' macro-phylum and adistinct Sino-Tibetan family, intrusive in East Asia, with genetic connections tonorth Caucasian and Yenisseian(Starostin, 1984, Ruhlen, 1987, Peiros, 1998) no phylogeneticrelationships between the main language families of East Asia(Blench) Three different hypotheses for East Asian languages

  9. Sino-Tibetan populations • either an ancient divergence from a common ancestor • or substantial incoming gene flow from differentiated source Austroasiaticpopulations • strong genetic drift, relatively ancient common origin Austronesiangroup, Tai-Kadaipopulations • recent origin from a ratherhomogeneous common ancestral population Patterns of genetic diversity among East Asian populations

  10. Twoalternative hypotheses northern East Asians derive from southern populations(Chu et al. 1998; Su et al. 1999) two migration routes from the west into East Asia with subsequent contact (Ding et al.2000 ; Underhill et al. 2001) Origin(s) of East Asian populations

  11. either common origin with the other East Asian groups − proto-East-Asian linguistic phylum • or independent origin − southward expansion origins of Sino-Tibetan populations

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