The Passover: The Savior’s Last Supper

1. The Passover: The Savior’s Last Supper “Teach of Me” LDS Extensions April 12, 2009

2. QUIZ What could the chief priests and scribes not allowed to do on Passover? What type of bread was used at Passover? When the disciples rebuked a woman who put oil on Christ’s head, what did Jesus say? After singing a hymn at Passover, where did they go? What were the three political groups in Jerusalem at the time of Christ’s ministry? Give a NT scripture answering “What is life eternal?” #2: Matt 26:11, #6 John 7:13

3. Background • How many celebrated Passover before? • What is Passover? • Lamb = 10th plague of Egypt/blood on door • Christ Last Supper was a Passover meal • Haggadah “The telling” • Script you use to tell the Passover (procedure) • Back then 2-4 hrs. / now 4-6 hrs. • Many of the Brethren celebrate / BYU yearly Seder

4. With all due respect to Leonardo Da Vinci… …it didn’t look like this!

5. The Passover – Procedure • Reclining Feast! • symbol of freedom • triclinium (3-sided, low, U-shaped table) • Lean on left arm, eat with right, lay on stomach

6. The Passover – Procedure • History of the redemption related – Passover! • Blessing of the Food – Beginning of the Meal • Singing of the Hallel (Psalms 113-118) • Dipping Feast! (dip the lamb in soupy mixture) • Dip unleavened bread into communal pot

7. The Passover – Procedure • Seat of Elijah (D&C 110) • returned April 3, on day of Passover that year • Today – “Feast of Unleavened Bread” • Why is it not called Passover in modern times? • There is no sacrifice of lamb at temple

8. The Passover–Gifts to others • Incense • Anoint head with oil • Drink of Water • Wash feet Honoring guests was a large part of Passover

9. The Passover – Seating and disciples Other guests Other guests and disciples Why U-shaped? 1st honor Servants serving them Host 2nd honor chief servant

10. Passover Food • Unleavened Bread (why?) • No yeast for bread to rise= quick flight from Egypt • Lamb – Roasted, not boiled • Whole lamb, or a section/piece of lamb • Depends on wealth of family • Sop / Honor • Communal sop = soupy mixture with pieces of lamb • Put on bread and give to another person = great honor

11. Pascal Lamb & Animal Sacrifices • Passover would officially close the requirement of animal sacrifices (why were animal sacrifices made in the first place? • Adam, Lehi, and others offered sacrifices • Nowadays we remember Christ through sacrament

12. Pascal Lamb & Animal Sacrifices “From at least the time of the Exodus when Moses led the children of Israel from Pharaoh’s captivity, the Lord’s people had offered the firstlings of their flocks in sacrifice. Hours after the Passover feast in the upper room, the Son of Man shed His blood as an infinite eternal sacrifice, and the shedding of animal blood by the faithful Saints ceased. All sacrifices of the past were fulfilled in Him. Thus Paul testified: “Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us.” (1 Cor. 5:7) From this night forward, the sacrament would point toward the one supreme sacrifice—the Lamb of God.” David B. Haight, Ensign April 1988

13. Passover Food • Bitter Herbs • Haroset • Sweetness = reminds that bitter can be sweet • Other – olives, fruits, nuts • Wine – Four Cups

14. 4 Cups of Wine – Exodus 6:6-7 Why refill cup four times? • I will bring you • I will deliver you • I will redeem you • I will take you

15. Did Jesus Really Drink Wine? • Wine vs. “Strong Wine” or Strong Drink • Passover wine: • 1 part wine / 4 parts water • 1 part wine / 3 parts water • For what purpose? • cleaner than available water

16. Did Jesus Really Drink Wine? “To consume the amount of alcohol that is in two martinis by drinking wine containing three parts water to one part wine, one would have to drink over 22 glasses! In other words, it is possible to become intoxicated from wine mixed with three parts water, but one’s drinking would probably affect the bladder long before it affected the mind!” Christianity Today, 20 June 1975

17. Passover – What the Gospels Teach: • Luke 22:7-13 • Luke 22:24-27 • John 13:21-27 • Luke 22:17-20 • John 13:4-8 • Matthew 26:30

18. Passover –LUKE • Luke 22:7-13 • Jesus is host of Passover • verse 12 – large room furnished = triclinium table • Luke 22:24-27 • Wanted to know where to sit • Peter in chief spot 1st honor chief servant Host chief servant 2nd honor

19. Passover – JOHN • John 13:21-27 • John “leaned on Jesus' bosom”: John by Jesus • Christ gave sop to Judas • Very high honor = honored him by loving his enemies to the end • Jesus washes Judas’s feet • Tried to give every opportunity for Judas to repent • Judas got feet washed, given sop, and put in 1st honor position at table • Ear cut off after betrayal – how did Jesus react? • “Do it quickly” = could refer to many things

20. The Passover – Seating Judas L. Hand Christ R. Hand John Peter • “lean on bosom” = leaned back toward Jesus, who is naturally facing towards his right (because both are leaning on left arm)

21. Passover –LUKE • Luke 22:17-20 • Each person got 4 cups of wine • Refilled, not 4 physically separate cups • verse 19–“gave thanks” means “blessed”(sacrament) • Bless bread, then break bread (ANCIENTLY) • How is modern sacrament done differently? • Break the bread, then bless it • Christ broken then blessed = resurrected

22. Passover – JOHN • John 13:4-8 • Gave the common Passover gift of washing feet • Means that Christ is the Host • “You don’t understand, Peter, why I (Christ) do it [washing feet] but you will later.” • verse 8– Peter will take over church after Jesus • Christ washed feet to teach and show Peter how the leader of the church acts

23. Passover – MATTHEW • Something new is added by Matthew… • Matthew 26:30 • Hymn of thanks = hamal • Psalms 114-118

24. Passover – LUKE • Luke 22:17-18 • “until Kingdom of God come” = 2nd Coming • D&C 27:2 • Matter not what used for sacrament • D&C 27:5 • Christ will drink of vine • Adam-ondi-Ahman Sacrament is like weekly baptismif we are living worthy

25. Bear Record of Him “Significant, too, is the fact that the Son of God commenced His earthly ministry with an ordinance—baptism—and ended His ministry with an ordinance—the sacrament. Both bore record of His death, burial, and resurrection.” David B. Haight, Ensign April 1988

26. Henry B. Eyring Promises and Blessings of Remembering First, if you will let your heart be drawn to the Savior and always remember Him and if you will draw near to our Heavenly Father in prayer, you will have put on spiritual armor. You will be protected against pride because you will know that any success comes not from your human powers. And you will be protected against the thoughts which come rushing in upon us that we are too weak, too inexperienced, too unworthy to do what we are called of God to do to serve and help save His children. We can have come into our hearts the reassurance recorded in Moroni: “Christ truly said unto our fathers: If ye have faith ye can do all things which are expedient unto me” (Mor. 10:23).

27. Henry B. Eyring Promises and Blessings of Remembering There is another sure promise. It is this: Whether or not you choose to keep your covenant to always remember Him, He always remembers you. I testify that Jesus Christ, born in Bethlehem, was and is the Only Begotten of the Father, the Lamb of God. He chose from before the foundations of the earth to be your Savior, my Savior, and the Savior of all we will ever know or meet. I testify that He was resurrected and that because of His Atonement we may be washed clean through our faith to obey the laws and accept the ordinances of the gospel.

28. Henry B. Eyring Promises and Blessings of Remembering I promise you that you will feel the influence of the Holy Ghost touch your heart as you search the scriptures with new purpose and as you pray earnestly. From that, you will have the assurance that God lives, that He answers prayers, that Jesus is the living Christ, and that He loves you. And you will feel your love for Him increase. Henry B. Eyring, Liahona, Dec 2005, 9