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Understanding Security and Authentication Methods in Distributed Systems

This presentation delves into various security and authentication methods, essential for modern computing environments. Key topics include an overview of cryptographic systems (private and public keys), a brief introduction to Kerberos, and an examination of Identity 2.0 goals. Participate in engaging class discussions regarding distributed authentication techniques, the flow of authentication requests, and the concept of trust chains. By exploring protocols and implementation strategies, you will gain insights into establishing secure identity verification methods in diverse applications.

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Understanding Security and Authentication Methods in Distributed Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Security and Authentication(continued) CS-4513D-Term 2007 (Slides include materials from Operating System Concepts, 7th ed., by Silbershatz, Galvin, & Gagne, Modern Operating Systems, 2nd ed., by Tanenbaum, and Distributed Systems: Principles & Paradigms, 2nd ed. By Tanenbaum and Van Steen) Authentication (review)

  2. Review • Identity 2.0 Video • Humorous presentation about a real problem • Some basics about cryptography • Private key systems • Public key systems • A (very) brief overview of Kerberos • Tanenbaum & Van Steen, §9.2.4 Authentication (review)

  3. Class Discussion(laptops closed, please!) • What is difference between distributed authentication methods in • Grapevine • Kerberos • Identity 2.0 • I.e., • Who gets involved? • What is flow of authentication request? • What is chain of trust? • Etc. Authentication (review)

  4. Class Discussion (continued)(laptops closed, please!) • Grapevine • User presents credentials to service • Service validates credentials with any registration server • Kerberos • User authenticates self with AS; asks TGS for ticket to talk with service • User presents ticket to service; service trusts ticket • Identity 2.0 (goal) • User authenticates once with authority, gets reusable credential • User presents credential to service; service can test validity of credential by inspection Authentication (review)

  5. Class Discussion #2(laptops still closed, please!) • Speculate how an authentication system might be implemented to be consistent with Identity 2.0 goals • Based on what we learned last time about • Public Key cryptography • Various authentication protocols Authentication (review)

  6. Class Discussion #2 (continued)(laptops still closed, please!) • Some thoughts on credential • Encrypted with private key of trusted authority • Anyone trusting the authority can decrypt and read it • Contains public key of authenticated user • Only the authentic user can understand a message encrypted with this key Authentication (review)

  7. Class Discussion #2 (continued)(laptops still closed, please!) • Possible protocol • User sends request (in clear) with credential • Service inspects credential, replies in user’s public key with • Nonce • Service’s credential • Challenge-response protocol continues to establish • Mutual confidence in identities • Session key Authentication (review)

  8. Result • Authentication service does not participate in connection at all • Session key established without previously sharing any key • Trust based on original authenticator • Many issues about other aspects of identity Authentication (review)

  9. Questions Next Topic Authentication (review)

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