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Drilling Rig Components

Definitions. Derrick. A Derrick is a four sided structure of sufficient height and strength to allow the hoisting( Lowering and rising of equipment in and out of the well.Substructure.The substructure provides support for the Derrick, Draw-Works and Drill String.. . Rig Engines or Prime Movers.

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Drilling Rig Components

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    1. Drilling Rig Components

    2. Definitions Derrick. A Derrick is a four sided structure of sufficient height and strength to allow the hoisting( Lowering and rising of equipment in and out of the well. Substructure. The substructure provides support for the Derrick, Draw-Works and Drill String.

    3. Rig Engines or Prime Movers. Internal Combustion Engines are commonly used ranges from 500 to 3000hp, depending upon the size and rating of the rig. Draw Works. The Draw Work is the hoisting mechanism on the drilling rig enabling heavy loads to be raised or lowered by means of wire rope wounded on a drum.

    4. Kelly and Kelly Bushing. The Kelly has a hexagonal or a square shaped and its main function is to transfer motion to the drill pipe. The Kelly Bushing is engaged with the master Bushing. The Kelly serves also as a medium for transporting mud down to the drill pipes and to the bit. Master Bushing. Master Bushing is fixed at rotary table, in which the Kelly bushing rests.

    5. Hoisting Tackle. There are two blocks, namely a crown block and a traveling block. The Crown block is static and rests at the top of the derrick and the traveling block moves up and down the derrick Drilling Line. The Drilling Line is a heavy duty Wire rope, used to raise or lower the thousands of pounds of drilling equipment during drilling and completion of the well.

    6. Swivel. The Swivel is installed above the Kelly and its main function is to prevent the rotary motion of the Kelly from being transferred to the drilling line . This is achieved by the rotation of the lower half of the swivel on a set of heavy duty roller bearings. The Swivel also allows mud to be pumped through the Kelly through a side attachment described as a gooseneck.

    7. Drill Stem. The Drill Stem consists of Drill Pipe, Drill Collars, Accessories and Drill bit. Drill Pipe serves as a medium for the transmission of rotary motion to the bit and also acts as passage for mud. Drill Collars are heavy duty pipes with large outside diameter. They are used primarily to put weight on the bit during drilling. 85% weight of the collar is applied on bit and remaining is used to keep the drill pipes in tension, thereby avoiding the buckling of the pipes.

    8. Accessories normally include heavy welded drill pipes, stabilizers, and shock subs.

    9. Rotary Table. Rotary Table is the main rotating tool on rig which provide rotation to whole drilling string.

    10. Bits Roller Cone Bits. As the name implies, a roller cone Bit employs cones which rotate about their own axis or about the bit axis. There are two main types of Roller Cone Bits. 1, Steel toothed bits 2, insert toothed bits PCD Bits. A Poly Crystalline Diamond Compact Bit is a new generation of the old drag or fishtail bit. These Bits are used to drill the hard rocks.

    11. Rig

    12. Rig

    13. Derrick

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