Framing the Course: Forces and Features of Globalization

1. Framing the Course: Forces and Features of Globalization Why important? What is the “Big Picture”? How will we look at it?

2. Overview/Sources Part 1: “Our” World Part 2: “Globalization” • Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat: A brief history of the 21st Century • 2003 and 2006 UN Human Development Report • National Science Foundation • CIA World Factbook • GeoHive- Global Statistics (Geohive.com) • World Statistics-Infoplease (Infoplease.com) • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Education Database

3. Part 1: “Our” World-Population Demographic • U.S. Population: 307 million (12.4 in PA) • World Population (6.79 billion) • Asia (3.7 billion) • Africa (841 million) • Europe (728 million) • North America (491 million) • South America (355 million) • Oceanic, including Australia (31 million)

4. What can we conclude about “our” world from looking at population? We (Western Society/America) are the minority.

5. Demographic-Income/Life Quality • 40% of world owns only one piece of clothing • 60% of world lives in one room dwelling • World Poverty (World Bank established $1-2 a day as measure) • 2003 Poverty # (measured in billions) • 2.8 billion living under $2 a day • 1.2 billion of those live under $1 a day

6. Comparative Statistics*these stats are about 5 years old so do not factor in current economic situation rather show general comparative trends in a “typical” year

7. GDP Per Capita Comparison • Canada and most European countries: mid-high $20,000 • Afghanistan: $800 • Most African countries: below $1,000 • Sierra Leone: $500

8. 2006 UN Human Development Report

9. Other Quality of Life Stats • Richest 5th received 85% of world income • Poorest 5th received 1.4 % of world income • Gap trend between rich and poor • 3 to 1 in 1820 • 11 to 1 in 1913 • 35 to 1 in 1950 • 44 to 1 in 1973 • 72 to 1 in 1999

10. Other Quality of Life Data • Richest 3 people are richer then the 48 poorest nations ($ in billions) • Bill Gates (56), Warren Buffet (52), Carlos Slim Helu (49) • Annual death rates of children (10.3 million in 2003) • lack of immunization: 2.2 million • poor sanitation and water: 1.4 million

11. What can we conclude about “our world” from looking at income/quality of life demographic data? We (Western Society) are the most prosperous and enjoy a significantly higher quality of life

12. What are some key questions from looking at this data?5 minutes-reflect/write Why is this the case? Why are there so many poor people? Does the population information have anything to do with the quality of life information? Has it always been this way? Is this trend continuing or are there changes/progress?

13. Part 2: Globalization • Define Globalization • 3 minute reflect/write • What are the forces and features of globalization? • What does it mean for us in the 21st century?

14. Globalization Defined • Globalization-stages • Forces (political/social/economic/technological) converged to create new stage around 2000 • Current stage: more diverse, widespread, quick

15. Features/Trends of New Globalization • Nature of work/relationships and communication-radical transformation • Walmart “90’s slogan”-today 94% • Global Products (U.S.-Japan-China/India) • Walmart largest U.S. corporation (8x Microsoft) • Global Job Market (Industry shift-South, West, East) • Out-sourcing and off-shoring • Tax returns done in India • 2003: 25,000 • 2004: 100,000 • 2005: 400,000

16. Communication Technology Use (2005)-Today? Pop Cell Phone Internet U.S. 301 mil 219 mil 205 mil China 1.3 bil 437 mil 123 mil India 1.3 bil 69.1 mil 60 mil Russia 141 mil 120 mil 23.7 mil Japan 127 mil 94.7 mil 86.3 mil

17. Education • 2002 more than 9 million 1st year degrees earned • More than 3 million were S&E • 1.5 million from Asia • 900,000 from Europe • 600,000 from U.S.

18. Education • 30% of U.S. degrees are in S&E behind Japan (64%) and China (57%) • Growth of S&E enrollment in China • 1.8 to 5.8 million from 1995 to 2003 • 40% of mobile students attend schools in U.S. • Yale foreign students: 836 (1985) to 1,775 (2003)

19. Other Trends/Data • China, India, South Korea, Japan, Russia economies are increasing in greater proportion • Fastest Growing Economies • Vietnam, Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, Panama • 2005 fiscal year budget for NSF cut by 1.9% (105 million)

20. Other Trends/Data • Secondary Education shifts in China/India • 270 day school year, 8 ½ hour day • Future Job prospects (next few decades) will change • BLS and NSB: S&E jobs are increasing at a 5%, average age of S&E workforce is near retirement • Total # of U.S. E&S students fell 12% in last two decades • Current Global Recession and U.S. Impact • U.S. Debt-who holds it?, current revenues?

21. What questions are raised and/or what can we conclude about current globalization?:-5 minutes reflect/write Globalization is occurring and will radically transform your individual role in society. Technology has changed playing field U.S. position in the world is changing Future job market and economic stability are unclear

22. What is the Big Picture? • Shaking off “Entitlement” • Shift from 20th century to 21st century skills -collaboration, technology, integration, communication, problem solving (outside the box) • Importance of Course: Understand the present and future by looking first at the past. • Two Big Questions: • What is the context for the modern world? (part 1) • What are the global trends? (part 2) • Focus: Thematic Framework • Globalization • Industrialization (economy, technology, environment, etc.) • Democratization (democracy, nationalism, social/political movements)