Cellular Transport

1. Cellular Transport

2. Weeee!!! high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low Types of Cellular Transport • Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy • Active Transport cell does use energy

3. Passive Transport • cell uses no energy • molecules move randomly • Molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • (HighLow) • Three types:

4. 3 Types of Passive Transport • Diffusion • Facilitative Diffusion– diffusion with the help of proteins • Osmosis– diffusion of water

5. Simple Diffusion Animation 1. Diffusion • Diffusion: random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low) • continues until all molecules are evenly spaced • Equilibrium = evenly spaced • Note: molecules will still move around but stay spread out. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

6. : 2. Facilitated Diffusion A B 2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles through proteinsfound in the membrane • Transports larger or charged molecules Facilitated diffusion(Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) • http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

7. 3. Osmosis Osmosis animation • 3.Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water moves from high to low concentrations • Water moves freely through pores. • Solute (green) too large to move across.

8. Effects of Osmosis on Life • Water is called the called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. • This means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients. • The substances that are dissolved are called solutes.

9. How Organisms Deal with Water Pressure • Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. • A paramecium that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. • Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate. • Human cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys removeexcess salt and water. • Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video

10. Active Transport • cell uses energy • actively moves molecules to where they are needed • Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration • (Low  High) • Three Types:

11. Sodium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Types of Active Transport • 1. Protein Pumps-transport proteins that require energy to do work • Example: Salt Pumpsare important in nerve responses. Protein changes to move molecules: this requires energy!

12. What happens when the material that a cell needs to move into or out of the cell is too big to fit through the cell membrane or a protein?

13. Types of Active Transport 2.Endocytosis: takes bulky material into a cell • Cell membrane folds in around the material • “cell eating” • forms food vacuole & digests food • This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

14. Types of Active Transport Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations 3. Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell • membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane • Cell changes shape – requires energy • EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell Cell membrane

15. Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport Weeee!!! high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low Types of Cellular Transport • Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport cell does use energy • Protein Pumps • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

16. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com Modified by Robin O’Connor October 2010