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Overview of Spanish Grammar: Personal 'a', Direct Objects, and Formal Commands

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of essential Spanish grammar concepts, including the use of the personal 'a', direct objects, and the formation of formal commands. It explains the difference between "saber" and "conocer," as well as how to use direct object pronouns in sentences. The section on commands covers regular verb endings and necessary spelling changes for verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar, along with a list of irregular verbs. This guide is valuable for both students and educators for mastering these fundamental topics in Spanish.

emily-ramsey
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Overview of Spanish Grammar: Personal 'a', Direct Objects, and Formal Commands

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  1. Capítulo 6 - repaso Melanie D’Amico mdamico@ufl.edu 20 Dauer Hall office hours: M & W 11:15 – 12:15, T 1:45 – 2:45

  2. To Know p. 195 • Saber • to know information/facts • Yo sé el número de telefono de Pablo. • to know how to do something • Pablo sabe cocinar paella. • Conocer • to know a person • Yo conozco a Miguel. • to be familiar with a place or thing • Miguel conoce San Diego.

  3. ‘a’ personal p. 196 • The personal ‘a’ goes before a person when they are the direct object of a sentence • Yo veo a Miguel • Juan y Teresa invitan a Luís y Marisol a la fiesta. • The personal ‘a’ does not translate into anything in English • Yo veo a Miguel • I see Ø Miguel.

  4. objetos directos p. 200 • Direct objects answer the questions • Who? • What? • I see María. Yo veo a María. • Pablo has a book. Pablo tiene un libro. • Direct objects can be replaced by pronouns: • me, te, lo/la, nos, los/las

  5. objetos directos p. 200 • Direct object pronouns go in front of the conjugated verb: • Yo veo a María Yo la veo • Pablo tiene un libro  Pablo lo tiene • Pronouns may also be attached to an infinitive or gerund: • Voy a invitar a María  Voy a invitarla • Estoy invitando a María  Estoy invitándola

  6. acabar de p. 201 • To talk about what someone has just done use acabar de + infinitivo: • I have just read that book • Acabo de leer ese libro • Alberto has just gotten dressed • Alberto acaba de vestirse

  7. Idefinidos: algo alguien algún/a/os/as siempre también Negativos: nada nadie ningún/a nunca, jamás tampoco Idefinidos/Negativos p.203 Remember – there are double negatives in Spanish No tengo nada en mi bolsa. No hay ninguna agua.

  8. Mandatos Formales p. 206 • Verbos –ar (mirar) • mire Ud. • miren Uds. • Verbos –er (comer) • coma Ud. • coman Ud. • Verbos –ir (escribir) • escriba Ud. • escriban Uds.

  9. Mandatos Formales p. 207 • Commands use the stem-changes • Pensar  piense, piensen • Spelling changes for verbs ending in: • -car  -que buscar  busque, busquen • -gar  -gue pagar  pague, paguen • -zar  -ce empezar  empiece, empiecen • Use yo form to make the commands • tener  tengo  tenga, tengan • conocer  conozco  conozca, conozcan

  10. Mandatos formales p. 207 • There are 5 other irregulars to learn • ir  vaya, vayan • ser  sea, sean • estar  esté, estén • saber  sepa, sepan • dar  dé, den • When affirmative, pronouns get attached: • Mírelo. • Póngase los zapatos. • When negative, pronouns go in front: • No lo mire. • No se ponga los zapatos.

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