Non communicable disease

1. Non communicable disease

2. Outline: • Definition of communicable and non communicable disease • Group of people at high risk to NCDs • Statistic to NCDs in worldwide and in Jordan • Four main type of NCDs • role of community health nurse in prevention and control the NCDs • Summary • Conclusion • Article • Reference

3. objective: • At the end of our seminar, the students will be able to: • Identify the major difference between communicable and non communicable disease • Identify to statistic in worldwide and in Jordan to each type of NCDs • Identify how we can prevent and control each type of NCDs • Role of community health nurse in prevent and control

4. Communicable disease: A contagious disease  that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly through indirect contact with inanimate objects such as drinking glasses, toys, or bed clothing; and vectors such as flies , mosquitoes, or other insects capable of spreading the disease Non Communicable disease: Medical condition or diseases, are not passed from person to person(not contagious or transferable or infectious ).They are of long duration and generally slow progression.

5. Who is at risk to non communicable disease? • Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors that contribute to non communicable diseases, whether from unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the effects of the harmful use of alcohol. • low- and middle-income countries. • Before the age of 70

6. Statistic of non communicable disease in worldwide

7. Global status report on morality rate to NCDS • --Today, non communicable diseases (NCDs), are responsible for more than 75% of deaths worldwide, (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year(WHO). • --Almost three quarters of NCD deaths - 28 million - occur in low- and middle-income countries. • --Sixteen million NCD deaths occur before the age of 70; 82% of these "premature”. • --Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.5 million people annually, followed by cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). • --These 4 groups of diseases account for 82% of all NCD deaths

8. Statistic of non communicable disease in Jordan

9. Risk factor:

11. Four main type:

12. Cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart failure.

13. Global status report to cardiovascular disease • CVD are the leading cause of death in the world • It cause more than half of all death across the worldwide. • It responsible for over 17.3 million death per year

14. Statistic of cardiovascular disease in worldwide:

15. report to cardiovascular disease in Jordan تعتبر أمراض القلب وخاصة الجلطات والسكتات القلبية من أهم أسباب الوفيات في الأردن . فقد وجدت الدراسات أن أمراض القلب تتسبب بأكثر من 38% من الوفيات في الأردن . إذ إن 7 مرضى من بين كل 10 يدخلون المستشفى بسبب أمراض في القلب . تعزى هذه الزيادة في الوفيات إلى الانتشار الواسع لعوامل الخطورة المختلفة المؤدية إلى أمراض القلب مثل زيادة الوزن عند الناس حيث أشارت إحصائيات وزارة الصحة إلى أن 72% من الناس يعانون من زيادة في الوزن. أما التدخين فقد أصبح عادة منتشرة بين كل الناس حيث نشاهد في مجتمعنا انتشارا واسعا لظاهرة التدخين سواء للسجائر العادية أو للاراجيل، بالإضافة إلى العزوف عن الرياضة والمشي بين الشباب يكره المشي ويفضل استخدام السيارات والموتورات واستخدام المصاعد بدل الدرج مما يؤدي إلى أجسام مترهلة وشرايين متصلبة  و كذلك السلوكيات الخاطئة التي يمارسها الشباب من تناول الوجبات السريعة المشبعة بالدهون كل هذه الأمور تؤدي لزيادة احتمالية الإصابة بأمراض القلب عند الاردنين .    

16. Statistic of mortality rate to CVD in jordan

18. Prevention and control: • Don't smoke. If you smoke, quit. Smoking greatly increases your risk for heart disease. Avoid secondhand smoke too. reduction in smoking prevalence could lead to 2000 fewer CHD deaths per year. • Stress management because stress increase the incidence rate of CVD disease • Control certain health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes • decrease in cholesterol level could lead to a 2–4% CHD mortality reduction • Eat healthy food that have low fat, low salt and low cholesterol • Do Exercise regularly • Avoid alcohol abuse

19. cancer • Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells that arises from a change in one single cell. The change may be started by external agents and inherited genetic factors and can affect almost any part of the body. The transformation from a normal cell into a tumor cell is a multistage process where growths often invade surrounding tissue and can metastasize to distant sites.

21. Global status report to cancer • Cancer is a leading cause for death • Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men • breast, colorectal, lung, uterine cervix, and stomach cancer are the most common among women • overall, the incidence of cancer is higher in men than in women • although cancer affect people of all ages, most cancer occur in people older than 65 years of age.

22. Global status report to cancer • More than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by modifying or avoiding key risk factors,especially tobacco use.  • Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment, including pain relief and palliative care, help increase cancer survival rates and reduce suffering. • Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. • Comprehensive cancer control plans are needed to improve cancer prevention and care, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.

23. report to cancer in joran • Cancer is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in Jordan. • Most common type of cancer in Jordan is breast cancer (36%). • Both cancer incidence and prevalence have been increasing in the last few years in Jordan • The main cause of cancer in Jordan is unhealthy diet and tobacco use . • the Ministry of Health evolving suitable policies to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate to cancer in Jordan . • Do many program in Jordan related to screening and treatment of cancer like the Jordan Breast Cancer Program.

25. Causes of cancer • tobacco use • unhealthy diet • insufficient physical activity • the harmful use of alcohol • Infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C (liver cancer), human papillomavirus (HPV; cervical cancer), Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer) • Radiation • variety of environmental and occupational exposures of varying importance

26. Prevention and control: • Avoid alcohol abuse • Eat healthy food • Do exercise regularly • stop smoking • Avoid exposure to radiation

27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) Is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. definition

28. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) Risk factor: • Cigarette smoking. • Long-term exposure to other lung irritants. • Some people who have asthma can develop COPD

29. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) Prevention: • Avoid lung irritants • Get ongoing care • Manage the disease and its symptoms • Prepare for emergencies • 5- Do activities slowly.

30. COPD in Jordan

31. COPD in worldwide

32. Diabetes mellitus • Occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia).

33. Type of DM: • Type 1:(previously known as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset diabetes) is characterized by a lack of insulin production. • Type 2:(formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes) is caused by the body’s ineffective use of insulin. It often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity.

34. Risk factor: 1-People who are obese. 2-Dietary factors such as low vitamin D consumption. 3- Family history.

35. prevention: • Healthy lifestyle. • Eat healthy foods. • Get physical activity. • Lose excess pounds.

36. Prevalence of diabetes in Jordan :

37. Prevalence of diabetes in worldwide:

38. Article: • Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to • blood sugar control

39. Role of community health nurse •   Recognize who at risk • provision of services such as screening to early detection and good control • act as health educators and advisors to this group • community empowerment • linking communities with health facilities by act as an interface between the community and the public health system • Promoting a healthy life style during regular interactions with the community. • Organizing camps/village health days on NCD

40. Summary : • Compare between communicable and non communicable disease • Statistic to NCD in worldwide and in Jordan • Risk group to NCD • Risk factor of NCD • Four main type to NCD • How we can prevent each type • Role of community nurse in prevent and control of NCD

41. Conclusion : • We must educate people about risk factors to NCD like unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, intake of Tobacco and Alcohol and Stress, essentiality of Iodine etc. • Advising patients to visit health care system regularly for early diagnosis and treatment.

42. Reference: • file:///C:/Users/home/Downloads/Annual%20Incidence%20of%20cancer%20in%20Jordan%202010.pdf • World health organization • American cancer association • the Ministry of Health in Jordan