Chapter 2: Exploration and Expansion 1400-1700

1. Chapter 2: Exploration and Expansion1400-1700

2. Section 1: Voyages of Discovery • Foundations of Exploration • Renaissance – spirit of discovery and innovation inspired voyages (Age of Exploration) • Motives: • no middlemen • Wealth • Spices, silk, perfume, and jade • Fame and Glory • Spread Faith • Introduce new populations to Christian teachings • Curiosity • Writers by Medieval travel like Marco Polo • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • The
 people
 are
 Idolaters;
 and
 since
 they
 were
 conquered
 by
 the
 Great
 Kaan
 they
 use
 • paper‑money.
 [Both
 men
 and
 women
 are
 fair
 and
 comely,
 and
 for
 the
 most
 part
 clothe
 • themselves
in
silk,
so
vast
is
the
supply
of
that
material,
both
from
the
whole
district
of
Kinsay, • and
from
the
imports
by
traders
from
other
provinces.]
And
you
must
know
that
they
eat
every
 • kind
 of
 flesh,
 even
 that
 of
 dogs
 and
 other
 unclean
 beasts,
 which
 nothing
 would
 induce
 a
 • Christian
to
eat.

3. Advances in technology • compass (shows North direction) • astrolabe (calculate locations based on position of sun and stars) • shipbuilding • lower in water, larger cargo holds • caravel • light, fast sailing ship • steered from rear (rudder) • triangular sails (lateen sails) • equipped w/ weapons – cannons • Larger cargo hold makes it stable at sea • http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_demos_the_13th_century_astrolabe?language=en Start at 3:18

4. Explorers from Portugal • Portugal and Spain shared Iberian Peninsula started Euro. Exploration • Iberian peninsula map • Portugal • 1st country • Begun by Prince Henry – Henry the Navigator • patron, supporter • established court for explorers • islands in Atlantic and West African Coast gold and slaves (Eventually took slaves from West Africa, but did not originally explore the coast seeking them) • main goal – water route –around Africa to India for spices • Bartolomeu Dias – Cape of Good Hope • Vasco da Gama – reached India • established trading centers/networks

5. The Spanish • 1492 financed Columbus • Thought he could sail west to China • predicted earth’s size wrong • did not know about Americas • arrived in San Salvador, thought India, called them Indians • returned with parrots, jewels, gold, plants, natives (Christianity) • four voyages • Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia • Vasco Nunez de Balboa – Isthmus of Panama – 1st to see Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan – 1st to circumnavigate • 5 ships, 250  18 returned

6. Explorers from the Rest of Europe • English, French, Dutch follow • English – New England – U.S. • 1497 John Cabot – two voyages – claimed New England for the English, but did not return from second voyage. • Sir Francis Drake – southern tip of S.A., California, around the top but bad weather sent him west (2nd to circumnavigate) • Henry Hudson (English born) – hoped to find NE passage • French – New France - Canada • Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River • Dutch • Henry Hudson – Hudson River (New York today), Hudson Bay