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MINIMUM INCOME SUPPORT ALLOWANCE (MISA). ALI JANAN LILLE 2008. HISTORY.
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MINIMUM INCOME SUPPORT ALLOWANCE (MISA) ALI JANAN LILLE 2008
HISTORY • As far back as the XVIIIth century, we find evidence in England of an initiative that could be considered as an equivalent of the present Minimum Income Support Allowance (MISA). It was called the Speenhamland Act and was implemented in 1795. • In France it appeared in the city of Besançon in 1968, under the name of “Guaranteed Social Minimum”, as well as in the city of Rennes, under the name of “Local Additional Income”. • In 1998 a law was passed to promote the Minimum Income Support Allowance. The French departments (administrative divisions of France, equivalent to British regions) were only in charge of the integration part of the MISA.
1. Main purpose • The MISA was designed to reduce poverty through the allowance of a supplement under conditions of income ; at the same time, it was created to help people achieve social or professional integration. • Later on, and because of the effects of the 90’s economic recession, the MISA also helped to make up for the inadequacy of the Unemployment Allowance system. • The allowance is based on the difference between the minimum income it guarantees and the total income of the family (earned income, state benefits, unemployment benefit, etc…).
2. The issue of support There are several factors which can hinder support : • Psychosocial and conjonctural aspect : • Lack of accommodation • Unfavourable economic context • Condemnation as “labelled, depreciated and discredited” • Lack of motivation after having looked for a job for a long time • Fear of the labour world (constraint, heritage, identity) • Health
2. The issue of support • Personal and conjonctural aspect : • Lack of accommodation • Age • Lack of autonomy • Long term benefiting from the allowance • Lack of qualification • Misunderstanding of the support allowance system • Mobility • Lack of future plans and initiative
2. The issue of support • Personal and conjonctural aspect : • Single-parent family • Family background
2. The issue of support Some behaviours can be determining to achieve an ideal integration : • Motivation • Mobility • A precise plan integrating personal tastes and employment context
3. Two approaches for citizens with different characteristics and issues. • The linear approach : The cause of the problem is well defined. For instance, for a beneficiary who has just finished studying and who doesn’t meet any difficulties except with unemployment, networks have to be called up : National Employment Agency, businesses, Employment Counsellor. Here, defining the series of reasons which brought the problem is not relevant.
3. Two approaches for citizens with different characteristics and issues. • The global (systemic) approach : It takes into account the fact that the problems are too complex to be examined through a linear approach, that assets and flaws interact. In this approach, the problem is to get a global vision of interacting items, such as health, training, professional experience, mobility, housing… For instance, for someone without any qualifications, or means of transportation, or motivation…which lever should we pull first ?
4. Conditions of partnership • 4.1 The shared diagnosis The beneficiary, the social worker and the partners share a common purpose. The diagnosis is based on abilities as well as on flaws, and all the parties work together to achieve a consensual integration plan. However, the beneficiary’s will is determining, for his motivation depends on it.
4. Conditions of partnership • 4.2 Taking action Considering integration from professional angle only wouldn’t be relevant ; how can we change and improve living conditions ? For many beneficiaries, a better social support could be a prerequisite to look for a job. For example : A mother, living alone with two children, wants to go back to work ; she has no qualifications and wants to be a beautician. After interviewing her we came up with some assets and flaws.
4. Conditions of partnership • 4.2 Taking action • Flaws : • Absence of qualification : “assessment on the work-place”, a 2-weeks training in a beauty salon to define the plan and determine her assets. National Employment Agency. • Cost of the training session : estimate and requests to financial partners (Department Council and Local Plan for Integration and Employment). • Transportation : Department Council’s MISA Office. • Child care : finding a nurse, determining a cost and contacting the Department Council’s MISA Office. • School canteen paid for by the Local Centre of Social Support.
4. Conditions of partnership • 4.2 Taking action • Assets : • Determination • Mobility • Professional experience as a beauty shop assistant. After the flaws have been solved an agreement between the beneficiary and the training institution can be reached.
5. The integration agreement • It is a basis which commits the citizen to undertake action in order to improve his situation. • The nature of the commitments might be found in employment, training, housing, health, social or family life.
6. Assessment • From December 2006 to December 2007 we went from 413 beneficiaries to 365. • The “exit rate” as an efficiency criterion: the “exit rate” might be considered as a relevant efficiency criterion, providing that a difference is made between an “exit” to work and an “exit” to move away from the area. Out of 248 MISA beneficiaries, 27 found a long-term job (more than 6 months). • The agreement rate as a relevant criterion: signing an agreement aims at helping the citizen acknowledge his rights. The citizen has to come and accept to be helped. In 2007 out of 417 beneficiaries, 320 have benefited from a steady support, that is to say 76 %.
Conclusion The integration process must prevail over the agreement process !
Bibliography - « Les sorties du RMI : des motifs souvent multiples et imbriqués », D. Demailly, Études et Résultats, n°19, mai 1999. - « Pourquoi sortir du RMI ? », F. Dubet et A. Vérétout, Revue française de sociologie, 2001, p. 42-43. - La disqualification sociale, serge paugam, puf 2000 - Protection sociale et RMI, Marie Annick Barthe, Bernard gazier, Frédérique Leprince et Henri Noguès, 1992 ed Syros - Le Revenu minimum d’insertion : une dette sociale, Robert Castel, Jean François LAE, ed Logiques Sociales l’Harmattan
