1. Observations fromHurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, Umberto, and Ike

3. Observation 1 Over reliance on the central station electric utility model increased our vulnerability to the hurricanes. Damage to the wood pole T&D system resulted in prolonged power outages lasting weeks.

4. Observation 2 Those with power in the aftermath of the storms were capable of self-generating electricity Self generation consisted primarily of those with backup generators, but also some cogeneration/CHP plants.

5. Observation 3 • Diesel GenSets were not reliable. • Many gensets were not in working order when they were most needed, • they couldn’t hold up during the long outages lasting days or weeks, • and, they quickly ran out of fuel.

6. Observation 4 Natural gas supplies were generally available throughout on high pressure pipes Tulane University reported sufficient natural gas pressure to operate their 5 MW campus system throughout Katrina.

7. CHP and Energy Resiliency • CHP does NOT rely on wood poles • CHP can operate independently of the grid • Natural gas provides reliable fuel throughout prolonged outages • CHP can power whole facilities • Lights, air conditioning, water purification, sewage, safety systems, high value areas, manufacturing • CHP micro-grids can power entire campuses and government complexes