SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

1. SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

2. Sentence • A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and a verb and expressing a complete thought • So, three things are needed for a sentence to be complete: • Subject • Verb • Expresses a complete thought Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

3. Subject and Predicate • A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject of the sentence is the part about which something is being said. The predicate is the part that says something about the subject. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

4. Predicates • The Simple Predicate and the Complete Predicate • The predicate of a sentence is the part that says something about the subject. • Its official name is the complete predicate Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

5. Predicates • Within the complete predicate, there is always a word or a word group that is the main part of the predicate. • Presents the key word in completing the statement about the subject • This is called the simple predicate or verb. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

6. Predicates • Example • The students worked very hard throughout the entire quarter. • worked very hard throughout the entire quarter is the complete predicate • worked is the simple predicate Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

7. Predicates • More difficult example: • Has Richie helped you? • has helped you is the complete predicate • has helped is the simple predicate • The simple predicate consists of the entire verb phrase Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

8. Predicates • Another example: • The student will not fail this class. • will not fail this class is the complete predicate • will fail is the simple predicate Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

9. Subjects • The Simple Subject and the Complete Subject • The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said • Its official name is the complete subject Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

10. Subjects • Within the complete subject, there is always a word or a group of words that is the main part of the subject. • It is called the simple subject Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

11. Subjects • Example • A student with an impressive work ethic will do well in class. • A student with an impressive work ethic is the complete subject • A student is the simple subject Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

12. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • The subject can appear at almost any point in the sentence • The easiest way to find the subject is to find the verb first Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

13. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • Example • Gum was placed on the desk • The verb is was placed • Ask yourself who or what was placed? • The answer (gum) is the subject of the sentence Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

14. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • More difficult example • Beyond the classroom door walks an assistant principal. • What is the verb? • Walks • Ask yourself who is walking? • The answer (assistant principal) is the subject of the sentence Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

15. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • Very Helpful Hint • The subject is never in a prepositional phrase Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

16. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • Example • One of my friends plays on the team. • What is the verb? • Plays • Ask yourself who is doing the playing? • Friends? Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

17. How to Find theSubject of a Sentence • Not correct—friends functions as the object of the prepositional phrase (remember, a prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, any modifiers and the noun or pronoun which functions as the object of the prepositional phrase) • The correct subject of the sentence is One Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

18. The Subject in an Unusual Position • Sentences beginning with There or Here • When the word there or here comes at the beginning of a sentence, it may appear to be the subject, but it is not. • Remember to ask yourself who or what is doing the action Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

19. The Subject in anUnusual Position • Example • There are two desks in the classroom. • The verb is are • Ask yourself who or what are? • The answer: desks • The subject of the sentence is desks Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

20. The Subject in anUnusual Position • Sentences that ask a question • Questions usually begin with a verb • Also, they frequently begin with words like what, when, where, how and why. • The subject usually follows the verb Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

21. The Subject in anUnusual Position • Examples • Why is he running? • The subject is he • How do you feel? • The subject is you Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

22. The Subject in anUnusual Position • When questions begin with a helping verb, the subject always comes between the helping verb and the main verb. • Remember to find the verb and ask who or what is doing the verb Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

23. The Subject in anUnusual Position • Example • Were the students late? • The subject is students • Helpful Hint: You can turn questions into statements in order to help you find the subject • The students were late. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

24. Sentences in Which theSubject is Understood • In requests and commands, the subject is usually left out of the sentence. • The subject of a command or request is you • Understood but not expressed Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

25. Sentences in Which theSubject is Understood • Example • Clean up this room! • The verb is clean • Who is doing the cleaning? • The subject is you • A subject of this kind is said to be understood. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

26. Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs • Compound Subject • Two or more subjects connected by and or or and having the same verb are called a compound subject Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

27. Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs • Example • The boy and the girl studied for the test. • The verb is studied • Who studied? • The subject is boy and girl • Compound subject Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

28. Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs • Compound Verb • Two or more verbs joined by a connecting word and having the same subject are called a compound verb Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

29. Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs • Example • The students talked and whispered during class. • The verbs are talked and whispered • Who talked and whispered? • The subject is students • talked and whispered are called a compound verb Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

30. Assignment • Please rewrite the following sentences. Underline the simple subject once and the simple predicate twice. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

31. Assignment • There were eight students in class. • My mom and dad enjoy driving across country. • The student studied for the test. • When should we go to the restaurant? • Pick up your clothes. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

32. Assignment 6. An article about the new plans for downtown was published in the newspaper. 7. He bought a broken C.D. player and installed it in his car. 8. During the summer months, many children participate in the summer reading program. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates

33. Assignment 9. Here are the missing pieces to the puzzle. 10. Only one of many students loudly proclaimed his protest to the cafeteria’s lunch menu. Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates