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Precambrian Eukaryotes

Precambrian Eukaryotes. Acritarchs Ediacaran Vendian. Cysts of unicellular eukaroytes, perhaps algae or egg cases of multicellular orgs. 1800 my through Devonian. Acritarchs. Ediacaran. 600 my-545 my Soft-bodied Many organisms of uncertain affinity.

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Precambrian Eukaryotes

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  1. Precambrian Eukaryotes Acritarchs Ediacaran Vendian

  2. Cysts of unicellular eukaroytes, perhaps algae or egg cases of multicellular orgs. 1800 my through Devonian Acritarchs

  3. Ediacaran • 600 my-545 my • Soft-bodied • Many organisms of uncertain affinity

  4. Possible annelids, cnidarians (coral relatives)

  5. Possible mollusc? Probable cnidarian

  6. Total mysteries

  7. Vendian • “little shellies” • Right at Cambrian boundary

  8. Cambrian Trilobites: Extinct arthropods (like lobsters or shrimp but with calcite skeleton)

  9. Lingulate brachiopods

  10. Strange echinoderms

  11. Sponge reef

  12. Burgess Shale • Middle Cambrian • Excellent preservation of soft-bodied orgs. • 5 kinds of arthropods (only 3 kinds today) • First vertebrate • Mysterious critters

  13. Cambrian • Smallish • Skeletons (if any) of phosphate or thin CaCO3 • Live on or near ocean floor • Sponges, trilobites, early molluscs, echinoderms, lingulate brachiopods

  14. Ordovician Brachiopods (articulate)

  15. Bryozoans

  16. Crinoids (echinoderms)

  17. Cephalopods

  18. Corals

  19. Graptolites

  20. Ordovician invertebrates • More robust skeletons • Calcite skeletons • Taller, deeper (take up more ecological space) • The Paleozoic fauna appears: rhynchenelliform brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids/blastoids, primitive cephalopods, graptolites, rugose/tabulate corals

  21. Middle-Late Paleozoic

  22. Middle-Late Paleozoic • Increasing height, increasing depth • Increasing diversity • New organisms • Eurypterids (giant sea scorpions) • Fish/amphibians

  23. Eurypterid

  24. Fish

  25. Jawless (bony plates on outside)Ostracoderms

  26. Armored:Acanthodians & Placoderms

  27. Chondrichthyes:

  28. Osteichthyes:

  29. Sarcopterygian: Lobe-finned fish

  30. Forerunners of quadrapeds

  31. Paleozoic What if… • You were running the Paleozoic Ultimate Fighter show, and you had to design matchups between different Paleozoic creatures. Organize at least two matchups between two different kinds of creatures off the list. Who would be good opponents to match up? In each case, who would win and why? • You were at a Paleozoic banquet and were offered these creatures to eat: • Brachiopod • Bryozoan • Crinoid • Trilobite Which one would you rather eat? Why?

  32. Oceans - a whole new crew The Modern Fauna Mollusks Crustaceans Echinoids Fish Mesozoic Life

  33. Bivalves Molluscs Gastropods

  34. Crustaceans

  35. Echinoids

  36. Oceans - a whole new crew The Modern Fauna Mollusks Crustaceans Echinoids Fish Plus marine reptiles and ammonites Mesozoic Life

  37. Marine reptiles

  38. Ammonites

  39. Cenozoic Oceans • Like Mesozoic: Modern Fauna • Minus marine reptiles and ammonites • Plus whales and marine mammals

  40. Evolution of Tetrapods • Arise from sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fish) • Amphibianish creatures • Reptiles (to birds) • Mammals

  41. Tiktaalik - recent transitional find

  42. Amphibians

  43. Adaptations for life on land • Breathe! • Locomotion • Avoid dessication • Reproduction - amniotic egg allows longer development (no swimming larvae) • Leathery covering or eggshell • Larger size of egg • Larger yolk

  44. Adaptations for life on land: plants • Avoid dessication – thicker outsides • Reproduction – • Fancy fertilization methods, seeds • Marine plants release gametes into water • More complicated dispersal mechanisms for young

  45. Reptiles • Anapsids: turtles and their ancestors • Synapsids: pre-mammals & mammals

  46. Synapsids

  47. Therapsids: immediate forerunners of mammals

  48. Reptiles • Anapsids: turtles and their ancestors • Synapsids: pre-mammals & mammals • Diapsids: Rest of reptiles • Marine reptiles • Snakes, lizards • Pterosaurs • Crocodilians • Dinosaurs and birds

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