Body Art

1. Body Art

2. A recent study showed 51% of undergraduate college students have something pierced besides their ears. A 1999 study found only 6 of 28 emergency physicians were able to describe proper removal techniques. Body art in the form of tattoos and piercing have become main stream to our culture for all age groups. Why is this information important? DeBoer, S., Amundson, T., & Angel, E. (2006). Managing body jewelery in emergency situations: Misconceptions, patient care, and removal techniques. Journal of Emergency Nursing , 159-164.

3. Patients seek our help as healthcare providers and expect us to be knowledgeable. Many nurses who wouldn’t think of judging a patient based on race or religion feel differently when it comes to judging patients who display some types of body art In order to provide quality patient care we need to have a working knowledge of body art

4. Since the beginning of human history, people have embellished their bodies for many reasons There is no known culture in which people do not paint, pierce, tattoo, reshape, or simply adorn their bodies history Body Art: Marks of identity. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2008, from American museum of natural history: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/bodyart/

5. Whether with permanent marks like tattoos or scars, or temporary decorations like makeup, clothing, and hairstyles, body art is a way of signaling an individual's place in society, marking a special moment, celebrating a transition in life or simply following a fashion Body modification ancient and modern. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2008, from University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology : http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/online_exhibits/body_modification/bodmodintro.shtml

6. Body art in all cultures changes. It is an ideal canvas for individual creativity and self-reinvention. It can also be a way for people to challenge social values and cultural assumptions about beauty, identity, and the body itself.

7. Self-love, self-hate, considered a true art. Many people get pierced to be in style, and others to flaunt tradition or assert their individuality. Many adolescents report getting pierced because they want to look cool or different, and some say they do it to emulate their favorite pierced celebrities.

8. Body Painting Body Shaping Henna Scarification Tattooing Piercing Types:

9. People of ancient civilizations used natural plant dyes for body painting. The Celts used “Woad” a plant similar to indigo as body paint as depicted in the movie Braveheart featuring Mel Gibson. History of body painting

10. History of body painting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in the movie Braveheart

11. Body Painting Today Online advertisement for Sephora How many of you put on make-up this morning?

12. Paint your face for the buckeyes!!

13. Body Shaping

14. The practice of foot binding began in the Sung dynasty (960-976 BC), reportedly to imitate an imperial concubine who was required to dance with her feet bound. By the 12th century, the practice was widespread and more severe--girls' feet were bound so tightly and early in life that they had difficulty walking. The tiny “lotus” feet were a sign of wealth and chastity. Foot binding

15. Foot-Binding Custom has caused severe life-long disability for many millions of elderly women, even in today's China.

16. Head flattening, also called head binding, head shaping or head moulding was common practice in many tribal cultures in North America, Australia and Africa. A person with a finely elongated head was considered to be more intelligent, of higher status, and closer to the world of the spirits.

17. Head shaping Painting by Paul Kane

18. Victorian Era corsets were laced tightly for “waist training”. A small waist was highly desirable. A tightly laced corset was known to cause breathing difficulties, even to the point of swooning. Police constables would carry salts made from a strong ammonia solution, in a whistle-sized container, to wake them up. Waist training

19. Victorian corsets/Waist training

20. Body shaping today Online advertisement for Lipfusion-lip plumper

21. Henna Used for personal adornment, especially for special occasions like weddings.

22. Scarification, the act of creating designs out of scar tissue by cutting the skin or branding it with heated metal. Branding- uses heated metal or cautery pen Can also carve the skin with a scalpel Scarification

23. Tattoos traced back over 5000 years ago Sailors and fisherman were the first to popularize tattoos to the Western world Brought back from the South Pacific in the 1700’s Tattoos

24. To mark a special occasion or as right of passage • A source of power in a difficult situation; death of a loved one, a break-up or overcoming a disease • Many women find the experience an "important step in reclaiming their bodies” Some reasons people choose tattoos:

25. Ink is pushed down into the dermis layer of the skin with a needle that punctures up 3 thousand times per minute. How are tattoos done

26. Allergic reactions are more common in red and yellow pigments Some of the purples/magentas are photo-reactive and lose their color with prolonged exposure to light The plastic-based pigments produce intense colors but have a higher rate of reported reactions Pigments that glow in the dark or in response to black (ultraviolet) light are notoriously risky for toxicity REACTIONS to tattoo pigments

27. Carrier

28. Lax sterilization procedures can lead to cross contamination and infection Possible pathogens include staph aureus- MRSA Hepatitis B Hepatitis C-(it is estimated that 70% of carriers do not know they are infected) Tuberculosis, syphilis, and HIV Infections and tattoos

29. Must wait 12 months after a tattoo before you are eligible to donate blood. Blood donation

30. Must apply for an operating permit and pay a fee Must pass a health department inspection prior to opening Parents must accompany a minor and sign a consent Assure the individuals at adequately trained Comply with safety and sanitation requirements Current Ohio law for tattoo & piercing

31. Tattoos and Pregnancy Most tattoo artists will not tattoo a woman who is pregnant. Fear of rejection if an infection develops. Suggest waiting eighteen months after childbirth to get a tattoo. (www.midwiferytoday.com)

32. Tattoos and Breastfeeding Local and systemic infections are at an increased risk. Human milk banks will not accept donations from a woman who has had a tattoo within the last twelve months. Allergic reactions from the ink. Overall, there is no evidence to imply that tattoos would alter the woman’s milk or ability to breastfeed. (La Leche League, 2008)

33. Some new trends in tattoos

34. Tattoos as a post-mastectomy option

35. Navel • Nipples • Genitals • Ears • Nose, septum, bridge • Oral, tongue, tongue web, lip web • Labret, lips, chin, Monroe • Surface Piercing

36. Body Piercing in Pregnancy Association of Professional Piercers (AAP) have developed position statements. Piercing not recommended in pregnancy due to the risk of infection. Three areas of concern during pregnancy and postpartum- navel, genitals, and nipples. (www.midwiferytoday.com)

37. Think about it… It’s warm, It’s moist, It’s dark and it even collects lint. This site receives a lot of friction and is not highly vascular………. Number one site for infection and poor healing……..

38. Navel

39. Navel Piercings Advised to wait until after pregnancy or wait one year after piercing to get pregnant. Jewelry can migrate to the skin surface, especially with a pregnancy, causing scarring. Options include leaving piercing in or removing during pregnancy. If piercing becomes uncomfortable can replace with a piece of flexible plastic, called Tygon. (www.midwiferytoday.com)

40. Can You Guess Who???? The famous nipple

41. http://www.janetjacksonflash.com/

42. Nipples Barbells Nipple rings

43. What about breastfeeding?

44. Nipple Piercings Piercings take two to four months to heal completely. There is no evidence that suggests difficulty with a woman’s ability to breastfeed after having a nipple piercing. The APP and La Leche League recommend removing the piercing before breastfeeding for obvious choking risks. (www.midwiferytoday.com)

45. This type of piercing has a high infection rate. Any woman wishing to have a nipple piercing should wait at least three months after discontinuing breastfeeding. These sites may leak milk and women are encouraged to use an insertion taper to maintain piercing. Lactation consultants who have had clients keep their piercings in while breastfeeding report: difficulties with poor latch-on, babies frequently coming on/off breast, slurping, gagging, and leaking of milk from the baby’s mouth.

46. Also called “intimate piercings” Same reasons as given for other types of body art Sexual stimulation and increased ability to have an orgasm Makes one more interested in their genitals and therefore more interested in sex. Visually stimulating to self and partners A sense of feeling more attractive Reasons for Genital piercing

47. Vertical and Horitzonal Clitoral hood Female Genitals http://www.body-piercing.com.au/body_piercing_gallery.htm#healthy

48. Outer and inner labia Female Genitals http://www.infinitebody.com/index2.html

49. Genital Piercings Recommended to remove before delivery in order to decrease chance of tearing the tissue or causing trauma to the baby during delivery. If a woman opts to keep the jewelry in, it should be small enough to avoid catching and large enough to tolerate engorgement and swelling after delivery. Women should be advised to speak with their physician or midwife before delivery. (www.midwiferytoday.com)

50. Ears Tragus, cartilage, lobes, and lobes with rivets