Ch 9 Seed Plants

1. Ch 9 Seed Plants Pp. 274-300

2. Notes 9-1 • All seed plants share 2 characteristics. • They have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. • They all have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots.

3. Water, food, and nutrients are transported throughout the plant’s vascular tissue. • Phloem- vascular tissue through which food moves. • When food is made in the leaves, it enters the phloem and travels to the stems and roots.

4. Xylem-water and nutrients travel in this vascular tissue from the soil. • Seeds are structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering. • Seeds have 3 parts- embryo, stored food, seed coat

5. The young plant that develops from the zygote, or fertilized egg, is called the embryo and has the beginnings of roots, stems and leaves • in some plants food is stored inside 1 or 2 seed leaves, called cotyledon.

6. The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat. • Germination is the early growth stage of the embryo. • Germination begins when the seed absorbs water from the environment

7. Germination continues as the embryo uses its stored food to begin to grow. • Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food-making process of photosynthesis. • The underside of the leaf has small openings or pores, called stoma.

8. These open and close to control when gases enter and leave the leaf. • The process by which water evaporates from the stomata in a plant’s leaves is called transpiration.

9. The stem carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves. • The stem also provides support for the plant and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.

10. Inside the stem is a layer of cells called the cambium. • The cells of the cambium divide to produce new phloem and xylem and to increase the stem’s width.

11. Roots anchor a plant in the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. • The tip of the root is rounded and is covered by a root cap. • The root cap protects the root from injury from rocks as the root grows through the soil.

12. Vocabulary#1-9 • Transpiration, cambium, root cap, Phloem, xylem, seed, embryo, cotyledon, germination

13. Notes 9-2 Gymnosperms • A __________ is a seed plant that produces naked seeds, seeds that have no protective covering. • All gymnosperms produce “_____” seeds.

14. Many gymnosperms have ________ or scalelike leaves and deep-growing root systems. • Gymnosperms are classified into __ groups-cycads, ginkgo, gametophytes, conifers.

15. Most reproduce with ______. • Two types of cones: male and female • male cones produce tiny grains of _______ which contain microscopic cells that later become sperm cells.

16. Female cones contain at least 1 at the base of each scale, it contains an ________ cell. • After being fertilized, the ovule develops into a ______. • The cone closes and seals in pollen.

17. To reproduce pollen falls from a ____ cone onto a ______ cone. • In time a sperms cell and egg cell joint together in an ovule on the female cone.

18. The transfer of pollen from a male to a female cone or structure is called __________. • Conifers produce many useful products like paper and the lumber to build homes.

19. The rayon fibers in clothes are also from conifers. • Conifers are grown in large forests. • _______________ is one method to obtain lumber, when all the trees in a large area of forest are cut down.

20. This practice can destroy animals’ homes and cause the soil to be washed away by rains.

21. Vocabulary#10-14 • Gymnosperm, cones, pollen, ovule, pollination

22. Notes 9-3 Angiosperms • An __________ is a plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a fruit. • Seeds develop in a protective structure called an _________.

23. The ovary is located within an angiosperm’s ________. • 2 characteristics that all angiosperms share: all produce _______ and ______. • Not all flowers appear the same.

24. Some flowers do not have ________, colorful structures that you see when flowers open. • The flower bud is enclosed by leaflike structures called ______ that protect the flower.

25. Within the petals are the male and female reproductive parts. • Thin stalks topped by small knobs inside the flower are _________, this is the male part. • The stalk is called the filament.

26. The knob at the end of the filament is the anther, this is where the pollen is produced. • The ______ is the female part, usually found in the center of the flower. • The sticky tip of the pistil is called the stigma.

27. A slender tube down the center of the pistil is called the _______, connecting the stigma to the ovary. • The ovary contains 1 or more ovules.

28. In reproduction pollen falls on a stigma, over time the sperm and egg cell join together in the ovule. • The _______ develops into the _______ part of the seed.

29. As the seed develops, the ovary changes and eventually becomes a _______, a ripened ovary. • Angiosperms divide into __ groups: _______ and _______

30. Monocots • __ seed leaf,cotyledon • ________ veins • scattered bundles in veins • flower parts in ______ • EX: grasses, corn, wheat,rice, lilies, tulips

31. Dicots • __ seed leaves, cotyledons • ________ veins • circle of veins • flower parts in _____ or _____ • EX: roses, violets, dandelions

32. Vocabulary#15-23 • Angiosperm, ovary, flower, petal, sepal, stamen, pistil, monocot, dicot

33. Notes 9-4 Plant Growth • A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus is called a ______. • ______, ______, and _____ are important stimuli to which plants respond.

34. __________ produced by a plant are chemicals that affect how the plant grows and develops. • Plant hormones control tropisms; germination,_______ _________, ______, and ______, shedding of _______, _______ of and ripening of ______.

35. ________ is an important plant hormone that speeds up the rate at which a plant’s cells grow. • Auxin controls a plant’s response to _____ by making some cells grow faster than others so the plant bends toward the light.

36. Flowering plants that flower and die in the same year are called annuals. • Ex: marigolds, petunias, pansies, wheat, tomatoes, cucumbers.

37. Flowering plants that live 2 years are ___________. • Ex: parsley, celery • plants that live for more than 2 years are ________. • Ex: oak trees and honeysuckle

38. Vocabulary #24-28 • Tropism, auxin, annual, biennial, perennials

39. Good Luck on the quiz! • Mr. Callahan is teaching ___ Grade Science next year.