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Setting the BIOS BIOS – Part 3

Setting the BIOS BIOS – Part 3. Richard L. Goldman March 2000. Motherboard CMOS RAM Addresses. Original AT CMOS had 64 – 8 Bit Bytes of RAM. 10 Bytes for the digital clock 54 Bytes for system configuration Current CMOS has 2-4 Kbytes of RAM or more.

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Setting the BIOS BIOS – Part 3

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  1. Setting the BIOSBIOS – Part 3 Richard L. Goldman March 2000

  2. Motherboard CMOS RAM Addresses • Original AT CMOS had 64 – 8 Bit Bytes of RAM. • 10 Bytes for the digital clock • 54 Bytes for system configuration • Current CMOS has 2-4 Kbytes of RAM or more. • Contains a Diagnostic Status Byte that can be read by some diagnostic programs.

  3. Accessing the CMOS Setup Program • Do one of the following during POST: • Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. • AMI Delete • Phoenix F2 (current versions) • Award Ctrl+Alt+Esc • Microid Esc • IBM F1 • Compaq F10 • Follow the instructions in the motherboard/BIOS manual. • Phoenix Ctrl+Alt+Esc or Ctrl+Alt+S (older versions from a safe mode DOS prompt)

  4. Maintenance MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • May only be available by setting a jumper on the motherboard. • Set processor speed (Do not over-clock without special cooling installed.) • Clear setup password

  5. Main MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • View processor type and speed • View BIOS type and version • View type and size of RAM • Set time and date • Set ECC (Error Correction Code) if supported

  6. Advanced MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • For setting features that are specific to the chip set. • PnP – Turn off for NT, on for Win 9x (overridden by OS) • Reset Configuration Data – Clears PnP setting to allow system to reconfigure. • Numlock – sets power on state • Other advanced setting should normally left in “Auto”.

  7. Peripheral ConfigurationBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Configures devices built into the motherboard such as serial ports, parallel ports, and built in audio and USB ports. • Disable ports not being used. • Allow PnP to configure IRQ’s and port addresses unless there is an unworkable conflict that it can’t resolve. (Try clearing the PnP setting and reinstalling devices/peripherals one-at-a-time in a different order.) • Enable “Legacy USB” support for USB keyboard and mice to work in DOS. (Don’t mix USB and PS-2 keyboards and mice.)

  8. IDE Configuration MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Configures IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives – Hard Drive, CD-ROM Drives, LS-120 Drives, Tape Drives, etc. • Can enable/disable the primary or secondary drive controllers • Can set delays to allow slow starting drives time to reach full speed before accessing.

  9. IDE Hard Drive SetupBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Set Type to “Auto” and enable LBA (Logical Block Addressing) for most all modern drives • Set Translation to “Auto” for all LBA drives. (Drives over 528MB) • For smaller drives use “User Defined” or Type 48 and disable LBA. (or if you have an old BIOS that does not support the “Auto” type) • If you use “User Defined” settings you will have to locate and enter each of the hard disk parameters.

  10. Floppy Drive SettingsBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Select the setting that matches your drive. • Enable write protect to keep people from copying information off the computer to floppies.

  11. DMI (Desktop Management Interface) settingsBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Allows system administrators to remotely view some system resources and logged events. • Can enable or disable Event Logging and/or ECC Event Logging.

  12. Video ConfigurationBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Used to select the primary monitor when using a dual monitor configuration (Win 98 or Win 2000).

  13. Resource ConfigurationBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Reserves resources for non PnP devices. (So that PnP won’t use resources that have been assigned to legacy devices by setting jumpers, etc.)

  14. Security MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Sets Supervisor and User passwords. • Supervisor has access to CMOS configuration settings. • User password allows access to the computer.

  15. Power ManagementBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Allows the system to enter power management modes during periods of inactivity. • APM (Advanced Power management) – Hardware controlled – Pre-1998 • ACPE (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) – Post 1998 – Software controlled – Better control and more sophisticated.

  16. Boot MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Allow you to: • Change the boot drive order • Control some Boot displays • Control some POST tests • Set power failure recovery options • LAN wakeup response

  17. Exit MenuBIOS Setup Menus (Current Versions) • Allows you to: • Save or discard changes • Load defaults • Save custom defaults

  18. Additional BIOS Setup Features(May be found on some BIOS chips) • Virus Warning – warns if something tries to write to the Boot Sector. • L1 & L2 Cache disable – used for troubleshooting • Floppy Drive Swap – switches A & B drive letters. • RAM Shadowing – enable to improve performance • HDD S.M.A.R.T. – enables Self Monitoring Analysis & Reporting on HDD with this feature.

  19. Plug-and-Play BIOS • A technology that automatically selects and sets IRQ’s, I/O ports, and DMA channels for expansion cards added to a system. • PnP is composed of: • Plug-and-Play BIOS • For installed boot cards - reads data form ESCD and boots the system • For new boot cards – reads cards, checks the ESCD and, assigns a Card Select Number (CSN) and configures boot cards. • Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD) • Stores PnP configuration data • Plug-and-Play routines in the operating system • Configures non-boot cards (or boot cards that the PnP BIOS can’t configure)

  20. PnP Device ID’s • All PnP devices have a unique ID. • A 3 letter vendor ID followed by a 4 number product ID. • Example: ABC1234 • Many common devices have been assigned reserved ID by Microsoft with a vendor ID of “PNP”.

  21. BIOS Error Messages • Errors detected by the BIOS will be indicated by: • Text messages on the screen • Beep codes form the system speaker • Hexadecimal error codes to I/O port 80 • A hexadecimal code is displayed on a POST-code card of the POST test in progress

  22. Installing a Hard Drive 1. Record Hard Drive Data Manufacturer Model Serial Number Vendor/Date of Purchase/PO Number Hard drive parameters-Size, etc.

  23. Installing a Hard Drive 2. Set Jumpers Master/Slave/Stand Alone - IDE Drive SCSI #/Termination - SCSI Drive

  24. Installing a Hard Drive 3. Physically install hard drive Use 4 screws (Caution - do not switch metric/English screws) (Caution – do not use long screws) Connect Data Cable Connect Power Cable

  25. Installing a Hard Drive 4. Configure CMOS Setting Set to Auto/Auto if possible

  26. Installing a Hard Drive 5. Partition Hard Drive Use Fdisk, PartitionMagic, etc. (adds MBR)

  27. Installing a Hard Drive 6. Format each partition with appropriate file system (adds Root Directory and 2 FAT’s)

  28. Installing a Hard Drive 7. Install operation system

  29. Installing a Hard Drive 8. Install applications

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