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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks are earth's dynamic creations, formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) undergo transformations due to extreme heat and pressure without melting. The word "metamorphic" means "to change form," and this process results in new mineral compositions and textures. Metamorphic rocks are classified into two main types: foliated and non-foliated. Foliated rocks, such as slate and gneiss, exhibit parallel layers, while non-foliated rocks, like quartzite and marble, show a massive texture without layering. Discover how these rocks shape our planet!

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Metamorphic Rocks

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  1. Metamorphic Rocks How a little bit of heat & pressure transform rocks!

  2. What is a metamorphic rock? • The term "metamorphic" means "to change form." • Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) can become a metamorphic rock. If rocks are buried deep in the Earth at high temperatures and pressures, they form new minerals and textures all without melting. If melting occurs, magma is formed, starting the rock cycle all over again.

  3. To change form Other rocks are exposed to high heat & pressure

  4. Metamorphic Rock Types • There are two types of metamorphic rocks. • Each is classified according to its composition and texture. • Foliated • Nonfoliated.

  5. To change form Other rocks are exposed to high heat & pressure Foliated Non-Foliated

  6. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks • FOLIATED metamorphic rocks are those in which the minerals have been flattened and pushed down into parallel layers. The bands in foliated metamorphic rock look like pages in a book. • Examples of foliated rocks are slate, shale, and gneiss.

  7. To change form Other rocks are exposed to high heat & pressure Foliated Non-Foliated Flattened & pushed into parallel layers slate gneiss shale

  8. Non-foliated • NON-FOLIATED metamorphic rocks do not display layers. Rather, they are massive structures with no obvious banding. The mineral grains grow and rearrange, but they don’t form layers. • A good example of non-foliated rock is quartzite, the smooth-textured, metamorphosed form of the mineral quartz. • A coarse-textured non-foliated rock is marble. • Anthracite, or hard coal, is a non-foliated rock that forms when intense pressure drives gases out of soft coal, causing it to harden.

  9. To change form Other rocks are exposed to high heat & pressure Foliated Non-Foliated layers Anthracite coal Flattened & pushed into parallel layers Quartzite slate gneiss marble shale

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