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SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH ETHICS 1

SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH ETHICS 1. ETHICS RECENT GREAT NECESSITY FOR ETHICS IN OUR AGE IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT IN ALL FIELDS NEW ETHICAL CONCEPTS ETHICAL (MORAL) EDUCATION. Main recent reasons for Ethics! Abuse of Nature Bad environmental conditions Many & Tragic Conflicts Ultra-Violence

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SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH ETHICS 1

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  1. SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH ETHICS 1

  2. ETHICS RECENT GREAT NECESSITY FOR ETHICS IN OUR AGE IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT IN ALL FIELDS NEW ETHICAL CONCEPTS ETHICAL (MORAL) EDUCATION

  3. Main recent reasons for Ethics! Abuse of Nature Bad environmental conditions Many & Tragic Conflicts Ultra-Violence General Non-Responsibility (Corruption…) etc. Unresponsibility of science Dangerous materials & weapons Fears (philos. l’Angoise)

  4. ! THINKING AND SOLVING THE PROBLEMS WITH THE POSITIVE ATTITUDES

  5. Notions ETHICS - ideas of morality - rules of conduct - character, human quality MORALITY - customs, behavior

  6. Main recent orientations EVERYTHING CAN BE BETTER & EVERYONE CAN BEHAVE CORRECT SMART, FAIR, RIGHTEOUS CONDUCT - EVER & TO EVERYONE DO GOOD FOR ALL! (for human & for all living beings)

  7. ETHICS ASKS: (by everyone, especially by people of knowledge • TO BE IMPORTANT (while positive moral attitudes give chance for real good life) • LEARNING THE ETHICALS PRINCIPLES • FOLLOWING THE MORAL NORMS ( = Definitions, Orders and Commandments) • DOING GOOD, ACTING SERIOUSLY, FAIR, and CORRECTLY • PROPOSING BY YOURSELF TO OTHER TO DO GOOD & TO AVOID EVEL • TO CHECK YOUR ACTS AND THE RESULTS • TO MAKE DECISION WHAT TO DO FORWARD

  8. GO AWAY FROM EVIL AND DO GOOD! Saint Clement from Ohrid (830-916) HURT NEVER, HELP EVER! DO GOOD! Mother Teresa (1910-1997)

  9. ANYWAY People are unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered, LOVE THEM ANYWAY If you do good, people will accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives, DO GOOD ANYWAY If you are successful, you win false and true enemies, SUCCEDED ANYWAY The good you do will be forgotten tomorrow, DO GOOD ANYWAY Honesty and frankness make you vulnerable, BE HONEST AND FRANK ANYWAY What you spent years building may be distroyed overnight, BUILD ANYWAY People really need help but many attack you if you help them, HELP PEOPLE ANYWAY Give the world the best you have and you'll get kicked in the teeth, GIVE THE WORLD THE BEST YOU'VE GOT ANYWAY (This song - calling PRAYER of MOTHER TERESA - is siting on the wall of Shishu Bhavan, the children home in Calcutta)

  10. WHAT IS KONSEQUENTIALISM “Those who think that ethics is a system of rules - the deontologists - can rescue their position by finding more complicated and more specific rules which do not conflict with each other, or by ranking the rules in some hierarchical structure to resolve conflicts between them... Consequentialists start not with moral rules but with GOALS. They assess actions by the extent to which they further these goals… In place of my own interests, I now have to take account of the interests of all affected by my decision. This requires me to weigh up all these interests and adopt the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected. Thus I must choose the course of action which has THE BEST CONSEQUENCES, on balance, for all affected.” (Peter Singer: Practical Ethics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991, pp. 3, 12)

  11. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: VIRTUES 1. TEMPERANCE - Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation. 2. SILENCE - Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. 3. ORDER - Let all your things have their places; let each part of uour business have its time. 4. RESOLUTION - Resolve to perform what you ought; perform withouth fail what you resolve. 5. FRUGALITY - Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e. waste nothing. 6. INDUSTRY - Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. 7. SINCERITY - Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and ustly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 8. JUSTICE - Wrong none by doing injuries, or comitting the benefits that are your duty. 9. MODERATION - Avoid extreme; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. 10. CLEANLINESS - Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation. 11. TRANQUILLITY - Be not disturbed at trifles, orat accidents common or unavoidable. 12. CHASTITY - Rarely use venery but for health of offspring, never to dullnss, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. 13. HUMILITY - Imitate Jusus and Socrates. Daily Plan 5, 6 Rise, wash and address to Powerful Goodness! Contrive day's business, and take the resolution of the day! Prosecute the present study, and breakfest. • 7-11 Work • 12-1 Read, or overlook my account, and diner. • 2-5 Work • 6-9 Put things in their places. Supper. Music or diversion, or conversation. Examination of the day. 1 • 0-4 Sleep (From B. FRANKLIN: Autobiography)

  12. Main conceptions BIOETHICS very new form of ethics (the name founded in 1971th) • care for Health and the Nature (environment, disability persons, addictions, Olympic Ethics, biomedical dilemmas – abortion, cloning, GMO…) Bioethics is love for life (Tokio, 1998)

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