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Rise of Civilization in China

Rise of Civilization in China. China’s Geography. Isolated due to physical barriers Isolation contributed to belief that China was the center of the world Still managed to have contact with other cultures. Gobi Desert. Mountains. Pacific Ocean. Rain Forest. Huang (Yellow) River.

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Rise of Civilization in China

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  1. Rise of Civilization in China

  2. China’s Geography • Isolated due to physical barriers • Isolation contributed to belief that China was the center of the world • Still managed to have contact with other cultures

  3. Gobi Desert Mountains Pacific Ocean Rain Forest

  4. Huang (Yellow) River Heartland of China Where Neolithic people first learned to farm “River of Sorrows”

  5. China Takes Shape • Shang Dynasty – 1st Dynasty • 1766-1122 B.C.E. • Clan leaders organized to fight off nomadic invaders • social classes developed

  6. Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 B.C.E.) • “Mandate of Heaven” • Divine right to rule • Used to explain the dynastic cycle • Developed into a feudal state • China’s economy grew • iron-working arrived in 600s BCE • money economy • prosperity led to increase in population

  7. Dynastic Cycle

  8. Religious Beliefs Develop • late Zhou Period – filled with warfare between rival feudal states • Confucius • life dedicated to education and public service • took little interest in spiritual matter like salvation • developed a philosophy focused on social order and good (as in just) government

  9. Confucianism • harmony results when people accept their place in society • 5 key relationships • Everyone has duties and responsibilities • correct behavior brings order & stability • filial piety above all others

  10. Daoism • Sought harmony with nature • Focused on “the way” of the universe • the Dao • Reject conflict, strife and “unnatural ways” of society • Ex: Government • Eventually Confucianism & Daoism became blended

  11. Achievements of Early China • Calendar of 356 ¼ days • Silk-making discovered by 2640 BCE • Writing system developed 4,000 y.a. • Made up of characters

  12. Shi Huangdi Unifies China • authoritarian Qin government • abolished feudalism • Replaced with military districts • Used Legalist advisors • Only way to achieve order is strict laws and harsh punishment • promoted unity • built Great Wall

  13. Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 AD) • Emperor Wudi (141 -87 BCE) • monopoly on salt and iron • expansionism led to network of trade routes = Silk Road • Confucianism became official belief system • Civil Service System developed • Earn govt. position based on merit & knowledge of Confucian thought

  14. Golden Age of the Han • Scientific achievements • astronomy • medicine • Most technologically advanced civilization of its time • paper making • shipbuilding – added rudder for steering • suspension bridges

  15. Buddhism is slowly accepted by Chinese

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