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Building Web Applications with Ruby on Rails: A Comprehensive Guide

This guide covers the essentials of creating web services using Ruby on Rails, an MVC framework built on the Ruby programming language. Learn about Ruby's origins, its object-oriented and functional features, and why it is a popular choice among developers. Discover how to install Ruby and Rails, set up a new application, configure databases, and use Rake for task automation. The guide also provides insights into Rails' RESTful architecture and offers tips for efficient development, including tools like Git, Capistrano, and Heroku for deployment.

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Building Web Applications with Ruby on Rails: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Creating Web Services with Ruby on Rails Robert Thew Internet and Web Systems II

  2. What is Ruby? • Ruby is a language created in Japan in 1995 by Yukihiro Matsumoto • It’s an Object-Oriented language that also has elements of Functional languages

  3. Why Create Ruby? • Matsumoto wanted to create a language that combined all his favorite features into one language

  4. What Are Ruby’s Features? • Completely Object-Oriented • Can do Functional as well as Imperative programming • Clean, simple and consistent syntax

  5. Basics of Ruby • Demo using irb

  6. Ruby on Rails • A Model-View-Controller Web Framework for Ruby developed in 2004 by David Heinemeier Hansson • Guiding principle is Convention over Configuration • Very little boilerplate code • Small classes with short methods • Allows for rapid development

  7. Installation • Ruby and RoR come installed on MacPros • Can be downloaded and installed from: • ruby-lang.org • rubyonrails.org • MySQL can be downloaded from mysql.com

  8. Building an Application • Run the rails command to create a new application framework • Go into the new directory and edit the database config file • Add user and password for development entry $rails new biblio $cd biblio $vi config/database.yml

  9. Create Database • Create an empty development database instance $rake db:create

  10. What Is Rake? • Rake is Ruby’s version of Make • Rakefiles use ruby syntax – so no whitespace problems • Rails applications come with rakefiles for running database commands and for doing unit tests

  11. Test Application • Rails uses WEBrick, a ruby library that provides a basic HTTP server >rails s => Booting WEBrick => Rails 3.0.5 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000 => Call with -d to detach => Ctrl-C to shutdown server

  12. Generate MVC Files • Rails comes with a generator that will create database migrations, model, view, controller, and test files >rails generate scaffold Article title:stringauthor:stringurl:stringabstract:text

  13. Database Migration • Migration classes are used to create and modify tables >rake db:migrate

  14. Model and Controller Code • Note how short all the methods are • Convention over Configuration means code can be kept simple • No need for explicit getters and setters in the Model

  15. RESTful Architecture • All the URLs will follow the same pattern for CRUD (Create Read Update Delete)operations • REST (Representational State Transfer) is a simpler and consistent alternative to SOAP

  16. URL Patterns These URLs are routed to their respective controller methods. GET /articles GET /articles/new POST /articles GET /articles/1 GET /articles/1.xml GET /articles/1/edit PUT /articles/1 DELETE /articles/1

  17. Test Application >rails s >rails c

  18. Rails Tools • Git – Distributed versioning system • Capistrano – For scripting deployments • RubyGems – Package dependency manager • RVM – Run multiple versions on one system • Heroku – Ruby Cloud Platform as a Service

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