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Images of Public Health

Images of Public Health. The System and Social Enterprise The Profession The Methods Government Services The Health of the Public. Turnock, 2001. Public Health Systems. “human, informational, financial, and organizational resources, including public, private and individuals,

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Images of Public Health

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  1. Images of Public Health • The System and Social Enterprise • The Profession • The Methods • Government Services • The Health of the Public Turnock, 2001

  2. Public Health Systems “human, informational, financial, and organizational resources, including public, private and individuals, that contribute to the public’s health.” NACCHO

  3. Public Health History • Sanitation & Housing • Communicable Disease • Industrialization, Labor Laws • Maternal and Child Health, Nutrition • Mental Health • Vital Statistics, Epidemiology • Medical Care, Sickness Insurance • Health Promotion, Clinical Prevention • Injury & Violence Prevention

  4. Determinants of Health

  5. Broad social, economic, cultural, health, and environmental conditions and policies at the global, national, state, and local levels • Living and working conditions may include: • Psychosocial factors • Employment status and occupational factors • Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation) • The natural and builtc environments • Public health services • Health care services Living and working conditions a Social, family and community networks Individual behavior Innate individual traits: age, sex, race, and biological factors --- The biology of disease Over the life span b NOTES: Adapted from Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991. The dotted lines denote interaction effects between and among the various levels of health determinants (Worthman, 1999). Approach and Rationale A guide to thinking about the determinants of population health

  6. Public Health Components • Legal – Laws, Administrative Law • Practice – Protocols, Standards • Funding – Taxes, Fees, Contributions, Grants • Personnel – Education, Training, Experience • Public – Advocates, Partners, Advisers

  7. Role of Government • Legislature • laws, funding, oversight, public review • Executive • leadership, delegation of power, appointment of public health officials and advisors, priority setting • Judiciary • enforcement, legislative review

  8. Public Health-NY State and County • Health • Mental Health • Alcohol and Substance Abuse • Labor-OSHA* • Environmental Conservation-fish • Education-professional licensing* • Ag & Markets-milk, meat, grocery • Taxation-Alcohol & Tobacco Sales

  9. Administration, Fiscal, Human Resources Planning, Info Systems, Data Management Personal Health Services Communicable Disease Control Children with Special Health Care Needs Environmental Health Health Information, Education and Promotion Typical Local Health Department in NYS

  10. Public Health – • Core Functions (IOM 1988) • Policy Development • Assessment • Assurance

  11. Vision: • Healthy People in Healthy Communities • Mission: • Promote Physical and Mental Health and Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability • Public Health • Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease • Protects against environmental hazards • Prevents injuries • Promotes and encourages healthy behaviors • Responds to disasters and assists communities in recovery • Assures the quality and accessibility of health services

  12. Essential Services • Assessment • Monitor health status to identify community health problems • Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community (including laboratory capacity) • Inform, educate and empower people about health issues

  13. Essential Services • Policy Development • Mobilize community partnerships (with other public and health agencies, elected officials, and funding agencies) to identify and solve health problems • Develop (laws,) policies, and plans that support individual and community health efforts (improvement) • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety

  14. Essential Services • Assurance • Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of (environmental protection and) personal health services • Assure a competent public health and personal health workforce • Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population based health services (and theimpact of budget changes) • Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

  15. Actual Causes of Death Estimated Totals 50 % of All Deaths, 1990 McGinnis,Foege JAMA 1993

  16. THEFUTUREOF THE PUBLIC’S HEALTH in the 21st Century INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century

  17. Health care delivery system Community Assuring the Conditions for Population Health Governmental Public Health Infrastructure Employers and Business Academia The Media The Public Health System

  18. Linkages and Overlaps Public/Health Care Systems Population Health Personal Health

  19. Assessment Monitor Diagnose and Investigate Inform Policy Mobilize Develop Enforce Assurance Link people to services Assure competent workforce Evaluate Research Public Health Services – WTC Response

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