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Gospel of Mark

Gospel of Mark. The Gospel of the Human Son of God. Mark: Date, Author, Setting. Unanimous early witnesses attribute the gospel to John Mark, the companion of Peter and Paul Because Luke (c. 62 AD) used Mark, it predates Luke – late ’50s – early ’60s

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Gospel of Mark

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  1. Gospel of Mark The Gospel of the Human Son of God

  2. Mark: Date, Author, Setting • Unanimous early witnesses attribute the gospel to John Mark, the companion of Peter and Paul • Because Luke (c. 62 AD) used Mark, it predates Luke – late ’50s – early ’60s • External and internal evidences (Latin translations) indicate Rome as place of composition and distribution

  3. Earliest Witnesses Point to Mark • John Mark, the later companion of Peter, Paul and Barnabus, a young man whose mother’s home was a gathering place for the early church (Acts 12:12). • Much evidence points to Peter as the primary source behind the material in Mark. • The same evidence indicates that Mark is not necessarily chronological.

  4. Papias (bishop of Hierapolis) wrote: • "And the Presbyter used to say this, Mark became Peter's interpreter and wrote accurately all that he remembered, not, indeed, in order, of the things said and done by the Lord. For he had not heard the Lord, nor had followed him, but later on, followed Peter, who used to give teaching as necessity demanded but not making, as it were, an arrangement of the Lord's oracles, so that Mark did nothing wrong in thus writing down single points as he remembered them. For to one thing he gave attention, to leave out nothing of what he had heard and to make no false statements in them."

  5. Justin wrote: • Another early identification of the Gospel of Mark with Peter is found in Justin's Dialogue with Trypho (150): "It is said that he [Jesus] changed the name of one of the apostles to Peter; and it is written in his memoirs that he changed the names of others, two brothers, the sons of Zebedee, to Boanerges, which means 'sons of thunder'...." (106.3). • If by "his memoirs" Justin means Peter's memoirs, then these memoirs must be the Gospel of Mark, since only in it are the sons of Zebedee called the sons of thunder (3:17).

  6. Irenaeus (c. 180) • "When Peter and Paul were preaching the gospel in Rome and founding the church there…. After their departure, Mark, Peter's disciple, has himself delivered to us in writing the substance of Peter's preaching"

  7. Clement of Alexandria (c. 150) • "When Peter had preached the gospel publicly in Rome...those who were present...besought Mark, since he had followed him (Peter) for a long time and remembered the things that had been spoken, to write out the things that had been said; and when he had done this he gave the gospel to those who asked him. When Peter learned of it later, he neither obstructed nor commended"

  8. Mark’s Audience: Romans • Many Latin words are transliterated into Greek, not translated: 4:27: modios = Lat. modius (a measure) 5:9, 15: legiôn = Lat. legio (legion) 6:27: spekoulator = Lat. speculator (guard) 6:37: dênariôn = Lat. denarius (a Roman coin) 7:4: xestês = Lat. sextarius (container) 12:14: kênsos = Lat. census (tribute money) 15:15: phragellan = Lat. fragellare (to whip) 15:39, 44-45: kenturiôn = Lat. centurio (centurion) (Both Matthew and Luke use ekatontrachês, the equivalent term in Greek.)

  9. Mark’s Audience: Romans In addition, on two occasions Mark provides his readers with Latin translations of Greek words: 12:42: lepta duo, which is said to be the equivalent of a kordrantês = Lat. quadrans (the smallest Roman coin) 15:16: aulês, which is said to be the praitôrion = Lat. praetorium

  10. Characteristics of Mark • No infancy narratives • Narrative action (esp. miracles) overwhelms teaching • “Son of God” • Human traits of Jesus • Human foibles of apostles

  11. Unique and Distinctive passages in the gospel of Mark • Show the divinity of Jesus • Show the humanity of Jesus • Show the foibles of the apostles • The “Messianic Secret”

  12. “Son of God” 1:1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 1:11 “You are my beloved Son….” 9:7 “This is my beloved Son….” 3:11 the unclean spirits… cried out, “You are the Son of God.” (also in 5:7) 15:39 the centurion… said, “Truly this man was the Son of God!”

  13. Humanity of Jesus 3:20-21 20Then he went home, and the crowd gathered again, so that they could not even eat. 21And when his family heard it, they went out to seize him, for they were saying, “He is out of his mind.” 6:31 And he said to them, “Come away by yourselves to a desolate place and rest a while.” For many were coming and going, and they had no leisure even to eat.

  14. Two Tries at a Miracle? • 8:22-25 23And he took the blind man by the hand and led him out of the village, and when he had spit on his eyes and laid his hands on him, he asked him, “Do you see anything?” 24And he looked up and said, “I see men, but they look like trees, walking.” 25Then Jesus laid his hands on his eyes again; and he opened his eyes, his sight was restored, and he saw everything clearly.

  15. Apostles’ Foibles • Do not understand parables: 4:11ff, 4:33ff • Do not understand miracles: 4:40, 6:51ff, 8:14ff • Cannot cast out a demon: 9:14-29 • Peter rebuked: 8:33 • The disciples flee before the crucifixion

  16. A Rare Unique Teaching in Mark • 4:26-29 And he said, “The kingdom of God is as if a man should scatter seed on the ground. 27He sleeps and rises night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows; he knows not how. 28The earth produces by itself, first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear. 29But when the grain is ripe, at once he puts in the sickle, because the harvest has come.”

  17. Mark’s Longer Ending 16:14-18 Afterward he appeared to the eleven… and he rebuked them… because they had not believed those who saw him after he had risen. 15And he said to them, “Go into all the world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation. 16Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned. 17And these signs will accompany those who believe: in my name they will cast out demons; they will speak in new tongues; 18they will pick up serpents with their hands; and if they drink any deadly poison, it will not hurt them; they will lay their hands on the sick, and they will recover.”

  18. The “Messianic Secret” • Most prominent in Mark (though present in others) • Outsiders not to be enlightened: 4:10-12 • Miracles suppressed: 1:44, 5:18-19, 5:43, 8:26 • Demonic confessions silenced: 1:25, 1:34, 3:12 • His identity discovered but concealed: 8:29-30 • The secret revealed: 15:39 And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that in this way he breathed his last, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God!” • The initial witnesses to resurrection are silent because of fear: 16:8

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