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The Rise of AIDS in Women

The Rise of AIDS in Women. Brittany Buckley. Acquire Immune Deficiency A serious disease of the Immune System Caused by the HIV. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Attacks the Central Nervous System Causes the amount of Tcells to drop to dangerously low levels. What is AIDS?.

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The Rise of AIDS in Women

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  1. The Rise of AIDS in Women Brittany Buckley

  2. Acquire Immune Deficiency A serious disease of the Immune System Caused by the HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Attacks the Central Nervous System Causes the amount of Tcells to drop to dangerously low levels What is AIDS?

  3. The HIV virus was passed from chimpanzees to humans in West Central Africa Before that it was passed from other primates to monkeys From there it was said to be passed to humans by hunting and selling bushmeat The History of AIDS

  4. HIV in the Body • HIV is found in body fluids, especially blood and semen • It’s a microscopic ball of protein that contains the virus’ genetic material • The virus molecules that attach to lymphocytes in the IS (Immune System) • It enters cells and hides from the IS • While hiding, it reproduces before spreading to infect other lymphocytes

  5. How it effects the Body • Once the HIV virus is in the Body • HIV attcks the CD4 type of WBCs and begins to kill them • Once they’re destroyed the body’s resistance to infection goes down • It then causes many infections in the body • The end stage of the HIV infection is called AIDS

  6. Statistics • In 2003: 19.2 million women are living with AIDS worldwide • 50% of the 40 million living with AIDS. • 1985- 2002: Among adolescent and adult women • AIDS cases have tripled from 7%- 26%

  7. 2002- the number of HIV infected women has risen in every region of the world Action that must go beyond the ABC approach Abstain Be faithful use Condoms The Spread of AIDS

  8. Race and Ethnicity in the World • African American women account for 67% of female AIDS cases • Latinas women account for 13% of female AIDS cases • The case rate for African American women is 50.2 per 100,000, 25 times higher than white women • The case rate for Latinas (12.4) was more than 6 times that of white women • Native American and Alaskan women was 4.6 per 100,000 • Asian and Pacific Islander women was 1.6 per 100,000 • 2001- HIV was the leading cause of death in African American women, ages 25-34

  9. California White: 77,839 African American: 23,944 Latino: 30,079 Asian/Pacific Islander: 3,120 Indian/Alaskan Native: 607 Other: 386 United States White: 376,834 African American: 368,169 Latino: 172,993 Asian/Pacific Islander: 7,166 Indian/Alaskan Native: 3,026 Other: 1,797 Race/Ethnicity in California and the U.S.

  10. California AIDS cases since 1981 is 119,900 AIDS deaths since 1981 is 73,544 Estimated new infections per year is 6,788- 8,988 United States AIDS cases since 1981 is 733,734 AIDS deaths since 1981 is 430,441 Estimated new infections per year is 40,000 A look at AIDS in the U.S. and California

  11. California and U.S. Cont’d

  12. Treatment • Use of chemical, biological, and physical barriers • Used to inactivate HIV and other STI pathogens • Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) • Decreased mortality rate • Improved quality of life for HIV positive people • 20 antiretroviral agents • Dozens of drugs for Opportunistic Illness (OIs) • Additional therapies to manage associated conditions

  13. Transmission • 2 Major Causes: • 70.3% results from heterosexual intercourse • Having a STD increases the risk of AIDS • Condoms may lower risk of AIDS • 27.6% results from HIV-contaminated syringes for the injection of drugs

  14. Transmission Cont’d • Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) • 25% of pregnant HIV-infected women pass on the virus • If pregnant women take antiretroviral therapies the risk drops to 2% • Factors that increase: • Drug use • Severe inflammation of fetal membranes • A prolonged period between membrane rupture and delivery

  15. Symptoms • What to look for: • HIV-associated gynecologic problems • Vaginal Yeast Infection • Bacterial Vaginosis • Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) • Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and trichomoniasis • Herpes Simplex Virus Ulcerations • Idiopathic Genital Ulcers • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Menstrual Irregularities

  16. Where We Are Headed • Scientists are developing and testing new compounds • Applied before intercourse to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted organisms • Creams or gels (topical microicides) • Non-irritating, inexpensive, and unobtrusive

  17. Works Cited Ammann, Karl. “Bushmeat- Africa’s Conservation Crisis.” Graphic. March 2000. Bushmeat. WSPA. 30 oct. 2005. <http://www.wspa.de/campaigns/bushmeat/bushmeat01.html>. Daniels, Jim. “Women with AIDS.” Graphic. HIV/AIDS Among Women and Men. Population Action International. Dangwani, Mahinder. “How HIV Infect.” Graphic/Text. May 2000. HIV/AIDS Basics. HIV/AIDS Information and Prevention. 18 Oct. 2005. <http://www.aids-india.org/hivbasics2.htm> Highleyman, Liz. “Drug Interactions and Anti-HIV Therapy.” BETA. 14 July 2005. SF AIDSFoundation. 19 Oct. 2005. <http://sfaf.org/treatment/beta.html>. “HIV/AIDS.” Graphic. 2002. World Vision Hope Initiative. 30 Oct. 2005. <http://www.worldvision.com.au/resources/images/aids%20cycle%20relay.jpg>. “HIV Impacts.” The Biology Project: Immunology.21 June 2004. The University of Arizona. 20 Oct. 2005. <http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/AIDS/impacts.html>.

  18. Works Cited Cont’d “HIV Infection in Women.” NIAID. May 2004. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 22 Sept. 2005. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov>. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.” Graphic. Paki. 19 Oct. 2005. <http://ipaki.com/content/html/34/102.html>. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus.” Graphic/Text. Human immune system: HIV/AIDS. Schoolscience. 20 Oct. 2005. <http://www.schoolscience.co.uk>. Palmer, Tom. “Healthy Profits to Help Sick People.” Graphic. 10 June 2005. Economic Insights. Tomgpalmer. 18 Oct. 2005. <www.tomgpalmer.com/images/Aids%20Epidemic.jpg>. “Percentage of AIDS Cases by Ethnicity:  United States, California and San Francisco, 1981-Present.” Graphic. 13 May 2005. HIV/AIDS Statistics. SF AIDS Foundation. 20 Oct. 2005. <www.sfaf.org/aboutaids/ statistics/ethnicity.gif>. “The Impact of HIV/AIDS.” Graphic/Text. AIDS Hotline. 13 May 2005. SF AIDS Foundation. 20 Oct.2005. <http://aidshotline.org/crm/asp/refer/statistics/default.asp>.

  19. Works Cited Cont’d “Topical Microbicides.” Graphic. 13 May 2002. Mucosal Vaccines and Microbicides. NIAID. 20 Oct. 2005. <http://niaid.nih.gov>. “U.S. Response to Global AIDS Crisis.” ICRW. 13 April 2005, LexisNexis. College of the Sequoias Library, Visalia, CA. 20 Sept. 2005. <http://www.lexisnexis.com/>. “Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States.” HIV/AIDS. December 2004. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 22 Sept. 2005. <http://www.kff.org>.

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