NATO

1. UNCLASSIFIED NATO US Army Europe Senior Leaders Forum February 16, 2005 LtGen Ed Hanlon, USMC UNCLASSIFIED

2. NATIONAL AUTHORITIES PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES (TO NATO) MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES (TO NATO MC) DEFENSE PLANNING (DPC) NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL (NAC) NUCLEAR PLANNING GROUP (NPG) MILITARY COMMITTEE (MC) InternationalMilitary Staff COMMITTEES SUBORDINATE TO NAC, DPC & NPG SECRETARY GENERAL Strategic Commands International Staff ALLIED COMMAND OPERATIONS ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION Integrated Military Command Structure UNCLASSIFIED

3. US Military Delegation NATO • Representatives of the Chairman US Joint Chiefs of Staff at NATO Headquarters • US Military Representative • Deputy US Military Representative UNCLASSIFIED

4. US MILREP Pentagon Liaison Protective Services 1 - O-9 – USMC 1 - O-4 - USMC 3 - NCOs 1 – CW4 - USA 11 - NCOs 1 - O-6 - USAF 1 - NCO DEP MILREP Totals Officers 22 NCOs 32 Civilians 9 1 - O-7 – USAF 1 - CIV 1 - O-4 - USA 1 - NCO Chief of Staff Legal Advisor 1 - O-6 - USAF 1 - O-5 - USN Personnel & Support Plans & Ops Log & Resources Strat & Policy INTEL Comm & Info Sys 1 - O-5 - USA 1 - 1SG 9 - NCOs 1 - CIV 1 - O-5 - USA 1 - O-3 - USA 4 - NCOs 3 - CIVs 1 - EM 1 - O-6 - USA 1 - O-6 - USAF 1 - O-6 - USN 1 - O-6 - USMC 1 - CIV 1 - O-6 - USAF 1 - O-4 - USA 1 - O-6 - USA 1 - O-5 - USA 1 - O-4 - USA 2 - NCOs 1 - CIV 1 - O-6 - USA 1 - O-5 - USAF 1 - CIV US Military Delegation UNCLASSIFIED

5. US Military Delegation Mission Statement • Represent the Joint Chiefs of Staff in NATO’s Military Committee and other NATO agencies • Ensure communication with Joint Staff and senior officials in the Department of Defense, Department of State and other federal agencies government • Maintain channels of communication with Allies ADVOCATE AND REPORT UNCLASSIFIED

6. What are people saying about NATO? • “I think that NATO should disband. NATO reminds me of the old Piron Delaut play, "Six Characters in Search of an Author". Well this is 12 countries or so in search of a purpose. I think that the purpose of NATO is there clearly is no purpose. The Soviet Union is disbanded and I don't think that Germany has to be kept down. .” • Prof Mel Krauss, Hoover Institute • “Instead of breaking in a new building by 2008, NATO should learn a lesson from what its old enemy did: realize the Cold War is over and vote itself out of existence.” • Arik Hesseldahl, Forbes Magazine UNCLASSIFIED

7. What are people saying about NATO? • “Our great transatlantic alliance has met and overcome great dangers in the past, and our work in NATO is not done. In the past, many assumed that NATO represented a pledge that America would come to the aid of Europe. Today, by our words and by our actions, we know that NATO means much more -- it is a solemn commitment that America and Europe are joined together to advance the cause of freedom and peace.” • President George W. Bush March 29, 2004 • “Today the NATO Alliance is the most important and capable security alliance in the world.” • Gen Richard Myers, Chairman JCS February 16, 2005 • “[NATO] is an Alliance that, as great as it has been in the past, will have an even better future.” • Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice February 9, 2005 UNCLASSIFIED

8. Why Participate in Alliances? • Formalizes and deepens the US government relationship with the government of a foreign country • Force multiplier • Unity in the face of challenges • Logistical efficiency • Can provide Allies for US global initiatives UNCLASSIFIED

9. What is NATO? • NATO is an Alliance of 26 countries from North America and Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty signed on April 4, 1949 . . . • The fundamental mission of NATO is to safeguard the freedom and security of member countries . . . • NATO is dedicated to the common values of democracy, individual liberty, the rule of law, and peaceful resolution of disputes and promotes these values throughout the Alliance UNCLASSIFIED

10. NATO 1949-1991: Era of the Cold War • Protect freedom & stability in the North Atlantic Area • Counter the threat of Communism • Protect western Europe from Soviet attack UNCLASSIFIED

11. NATO 1991 – 1999: Era of Adjustment & Expansion • Disintegration of the Soviet Union and end of the Warsaw Pact • Outbreak of ethnic violence in the former Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) threatens security in Western Europe • NATO intervenes in 1995 & 1999 • New NATO members & Partnership for Peace (PfP) UNCLASSIFIED

12. NATO 1999 onward: Era of Transformation • NATO moves toward an expeditionary capability (NATO Response Force) • Out of area operations • Afghanistan • Iraq • A commitment to security within the Alliance through worldwide reach • Further expansion? UNCLASSIFIED

13. Why is NATO Important to the United States? • Cultural, economic, social and political ties • Access to bases outside the US • Military capabilities of the Allies enhance those of the US • NATO forces can backfill for US units needed elsewhere UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

14. Why is the United States important to NATO? • US remains the world’s only superpower • US brings a unique view to discussions within the Alliance • US provides much of NATO’s expeditionary capability Bottom-line: NATO works best when the US leads UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

15. NATO around the globe . . . • KFOR: ~14,500 (+2,700 Non-NATO troops) • Balkans AO HQs: 300+ • ISAF: ~7,900 (+250 Non-NATO troops) • ACTIVE ENDEAVOR: 1,800+ personnel • 5x FF, 5x tenders, etc. • NATO Training Mission – Iraq • 94 trainers from 12 NATO nations (in country) UNCLASSIFIED

16. US military budget in FY 04 & FY 05: $401 Billion US contribution to NATO FY 04: $546 Million FY 05: $564 Million Bottom-line: US spends less than 0.136% of DoD budget on NATO What does NATO “cost” the United States? UNCLASSIFIED

17. Where is NATO going? • NATO Response Force • Deeper relationships with partners • New missions • Peacekeeping in Middle East • Organized crime • Human trafficking • Border security • Relationships with Pacific nations EXPEDITIONARY UNCLASSIFIED

18. Global Posture Review: Impact on NATO • Traditionally large US footprint in Europe translated into significant NATO posts for the US (e.g., SACEUR, SACLANT) • Will the US maintain its leadership within the Alliance as its troop levels continue to fall? UNCLASSIFIED

19. The “new” US Army & NATO • Global Posture Review: Impact in Europe • Draw down in GE from 2x “old” Divs(-) to 1x new Stryker BDE(+) • More deployable, for operations (and training) abroad • Good example to NATO allies to “lighten up” • Modernize current bases to better support expeditionary Army • New forward operating bases and training ranges in Eastern Europe • All part of the Army-wide transformation to modular BDE structures with support elements and HQs. EXPEDITIONARY UNCLASSIFIED

20. Challenges ahead . . . • Elusive Consensus • Limits of US leadership • What are we prepared to pay? • Is it nice to be “niche” • Never ending technology “gap” • EU challenge UNCLASSIFIED

21. What must be avoided? • Mistrust amongst allies • Economic or social differences that split the Alliance • Nations who join, but do not meet democratic standards of the Alliance • Complacency replaces vigilance UNCLASSIFIED

22. Opportunities for success . . . • Security through strategic partnerships • Mediterranean Dialogue (MED D) • Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) • NATO – Russian Council (NRC) • NATO – Ukraine Council (NUC) • Bringing the benefits of democracy to new partner nations • Increase the area of stability to include Europe & Asia UNCLASSIFIED

23. Where will NATO be in 25 years? The largest political-military alliance of democratic nations in the world; dedicated to the stability and freedom of all nations . . . This metric must not be measured by the number of NATO members, rather by the quality of our member nations . . . UNCLASSIFIED

24. Questions ? UNCLASSIFIED