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Final Exam Time and Place:

Final Exam Time and Place:. Saturday, Dec 8, 9:00am - 12:00pm EN 1054. Chapter 19.1 Exploratory Data Analysis. What is Exploratory Data Analysis?. An approach to analyze data sets to: Discover patterns Find a better model It’s an iterative process Refine to uncover patterns.

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Final Exam Time and Place:

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  1. Final Exam Time and Place: Saturday, Dec 8, 9:00am - 12:00pm EN 1054

  2. Chapter 19.1 Exploratory Data Analysis

  3. What is Exploratory Data Analysis? • An approach to analyze data sets to: • Discover patterns • Find a better model • It’s an iterative process • Refine to uncover patterns

  4. Confirmatory vs. Exploratory Confirmatory analysis Exploratory analysis What is the appropriate model? What is data telling us? What is structure of model? Batch of data Repeated use of a batch . Iterative search for pattern Explained variance = ? Best model Residuals show pattern? Factor analysis • What decision can be made? • How certain can we be? • What are values of parameters? • Sample • ONE use of a sample (data-grinding, otherwise) • Single analysis • p-value = ? • Yes/no decision • Residuals acceptable? • Experimental design

  5. ExploratoryWhat is the appropriate model? But remember, pattern ≠ cause

  6. ConfirmatoryWhat decision can be made?

  7. Inference • Confirmatory • Narrow form of inference • Relate one Q to another Q (e.g. βreg) • Exploratory • Broader form of inference • Trying to discover a pattern worth running through a confirmatory analysis P corm P soil N corn ~ N soil C corn C soil ⁞ ⁞

  8. Don’t confuse confirmatory and exploratory analyses • Refining models using p-values ≠ exploratory analysis • Repeated analysis of the same data set is data dredging (aka: data grinding, data mining, data fishing, data snooping…) • Any data set has a degree of randomness, so multiple comparisons may be bound to find a false association

  9. Characteristics of Exploratory Analyses • Relies strongly on graphical analyses http://gallery.r-enthusiasts.com/thumbs.php

  10. Characteristics of Exploratory Analyses • Simplify – determine best model for pattern

  11. Execution • Define all quantities that are used • Procedure statement • Name and Symbol • Values with Units • Identify response and explanatory variables • Decide whether to undertake exploratory or confirmatory analysis, stating reasons for choice • State screening criterion to distinguish exploratory from confirmatory analysis • Visual screening • P-value based (e.g. keep if <0.1)

  12. Box and Arrow Diagrams  Logic • Gordon Riley is interested in aquatic productivity of Georges Bank Light Nutrients (nitrates, phophates) Phytoplankton Zooplankton

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