Integrative Medicine

1. 1 Integrative Medicine Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, PA

2. 2 Beneficiaries of Widely Available Alternative Health Care Systems in the United States Those who have a high need for affiliation, and who therefore want a relational style of health care. Those who wish to alleviate symptoms gently or with fewer side effects. Those who will not take hopeless for an answer. Those who wish to prevent disease or enhance wellness. Those who interpret the body-person as having more than a physical aspect, and who want to be able to address the energetic, psychosocial, and spiritual bodies when receiving or delivering health care. Those who are concerned with the end-stage focus and invasiveness of typical biomedical care.

3. 3 Relative Physical Invasiveness of Selected Therapeutic Techniques

4. 4 Scales of Complexity in Understanding Health Care

5. 5 Components of a Health Care System A developed theory of the body-person, known as the explanatory model. This theory includes the causes of malfunction, as well as appropriate ways to address this malfunction. Plans to educate and train new practitioners, through apprenticeship and/or schooling. A health care subsystem that delivers care to the needy. Associated means of producing substances or technologies necessary to delivery and educational subsystems.

6. 6 Components of a Health Care System Professional organizations of practitioners who monitor each other's practices and promote the system to potential users. A legal mandate that provides for the official recognition of practitioners and maintains a minimum standard of quality. A social mandate that informally reveals levels of community acceptance, as by frequency of use, willingness to pay, and stereotypes about practitioners, among other markers.

7. 7 Representation of Traditional Health Systems

8. 8 Overlap of Subjective and Objective Therapeutic Benefit Subjective benefitwith objectivepathologic improvement

9. 9 Brain-Immune Pathways

10. 10 Homeopathy Healing is a concerted effort of the entire organism and cannot be achieved by any part in isolation from the whole. All healing is essentially self-healing, which is a basic property of all living beings. Healing applies only to individuals and therefore is inherently problematic, even risky, and never reducible to any technique or formula, however scientific its foundation.

11. 11 Time Required for Cell Division - in Minutes

12. 12 Fully-Characterized Symptoms Described in a Homeopathic Interview Subjective sensations such as pain, vertigo, fatigue, and anger Localization of symptoms (one-sided, wandering, radiating, circumscribed, or diffuse) Modalities, that is, factors by which symptoms are modified (intensified or relieved) according to changes in the time of day, the weather, diet, or emotional state Concomitants, or symptoms that appear simultaneously or in sequence (nausea with headache, fever after chill)

13. 13 Use of Homeopathic Remedies Functional complaints with little or no tissue damage, such as headache, insomnia, chronic fatigue, and premenstrual syndrome Conditions for which no effective conventional treatment is available, such as viral illnesses, traumatic injuries, surgical wounds, multiple sclerosis, and AIDS Conditions that require chronic use of conventional drugs, such as allergies, recurring infections, arthritis, skin conditions, and digestive problems

14. 14 Uses of Homeopathic Remedies (cont) Conditions for which elective surgery has been proposed, but immediate attention is necessary, such as fibroid tumors, gallstones, and hemorrhoids Conditions that have not been cured by conventional treatments, either because of the inappropriateness of the medications, the undetermined nature of the disease, or patient's noncompliance.

15. 15 Hand-Mediated Healing Modalities Healing touch Therapeutic touch Polarity Reiki Jin sin jyutsu External qigong Touch for health Reflexology Acupressure and shiatsu massage

16. 16 Principles of Chiropractic Human beings possess an innate healing potential, an inner wisdom of the body Maximally accessing this healing system is the goal of the healing arts Addressing the cause of an illness usually should take precedence over suppressing its surface manifestations Pharmaceutical suppression of symptoms can compromise the body's ability to heal itself Natural, nonpharmaceutical measures (including spinal adjustments) should be the approach of first resort A balance, natural diet is crucial to good health Regular exercise is essential to proper bodily function

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20. 20 Principles of Naturopathic Medicine The Healing Power of Nature (Vis Medicatrix Naturae): Nature acts powerfully through healing mechanisms in the body and mind to maintain and restore health: When these inherent systems are dysfunctional, naturopathic physicians work to restore and support them by using methods, medicines, and techniques that are in harmony with the natural processes First Do No Harm (Primum Non Nocere): Naturopathic physicians prefer noninvasive treatments that minimize the risk of harmful side effects. They are trained to know which patients they can treat safely, and which should be referred to other health care practitioners

21. 21 Principles of Naturopathic Medicine* [cont] Find the Cause (Tolle Causam):Every illness has an underlying cause, often found in aspects of the lifestyle, diet, or habits of the individual. A naturopathic physician is trained to find and remove this cause Treat the Whole Person:Health or disease arises from a complex interaction of mental, emotional, spiritual, physical, dietary, genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and other factors. Naturopathic physicians treat the whole person, taking all these factors into account

22. 22 Principles of Naturopathic Medicine* [cont] Preventive Medicine:The naturopathic approach to health care helps avoid disease, as well as prevent minor illness from developing into more serious or chronic degenerative diseases. Patients are taught principles by which to live a healthful life Wellness:Establishing and maintaining optimal health and balance is vital to cure. Wellness is a state of being healthy, characterized by positive emotion, thought, and action. Wellness is inherent in everyone, no matter what disease is present

23. 23 The Principles of Naturopathic Medicine* [cont] Doctor as Teacher:An original meaning of the word doctor is teacher. A principle objective of naturopathic medicine is to educate the patient and emphasize self-responsibility for health. Naturopathic physicians also recognize the therapeutic potential of the doctor-patient relationship

24. 24 Naturopathic Cure Elimination of evil habits:Overeating, alcoholic drinks, drugs, the use of tea, coffee and cocoa that contain poisons, meat eating, improper hours of living, waste of vital forces, lowered vitality, sexual and social aberrations, worry Corrective habits:Correct breathing, correct exercise, right mental attitude, moderation of the pursuit of health and wealth

25. 25 Naturopathic Cure [cont] New principles of living:Proper fasting, selection of food, hydropathy, light and air baths, mud baths, ostepathy, chiropractic and other forms of mechano-therapy, mineral salts obtained in organic form, electropathy, heliopathy, steam or Turkish baths, sitz baths Natural healing is the most desirable factor in the regeneration:It is a return to nature in methods of living and treatment. It makes use of the elementary forces of nature,of chemical selection of foods that will constitute a correct medical dietary. The diet of civilized man is devitalized, is poor in essential organic salts. The fact that foods are cooked in so many ways and are salted, spiced, sweetened and otherwise made attractive to the palate, induces people to overeat, and overeating does more harm than underfeeding. High protein food and lazy habits are the cause of cancer, Bright's disease, rheumatism, and the poisons of auto-intoxication

26. 26 Naturopathic Cure [cont] There is really but one healing forceand that is Nature herself, which means the inherent restorative power of the organism to overcome disease. Now the question is, can this power be appropriated and guided more readily by extrinsic or intrinsic means...

27. 27 Influences on Plant Activities and Their Therapeutic Properties Specific plant species, variety, and sometimes individual plant itself Habitat including latitude, longitude, exposure, humidity, rainfall, sun, shade, wind, temperature and daily and personal variation, soil, soil microorganisms, insects, birds, animals, companion plants, pests, plant diseases, and interaction with humans (damage, cultivation, harvesting, and pollution) Composition and constituents (presence of active and inert ingredients)

28. 28 Influences on Plant Activities and Their Therapeutic Properties [cont] How and when plant is collected, stored, processed, how herb is dispensed, and dosed Presence of adulterants, pests, or disease The prescriber - many traditional systems in Africa and Asia ascribe the ability to potentiate the plant's healing properties only to initiated healers or shamans The patient's health status, disease, age, and receptivity to healing The symbolic or cultural significance of the plant The placebo effect

29. 29 Nicotiana inferta infundibulo ex quo hauriunt fumu Indi & naucleri

30. 30 Plant Actions Repiratory system: Simulating expectorant (Marrubrium vulgaris, hoarhound), relaxing expectorant (Prunus serotina, black cherry bark), antitussive (Prunus serotina), immunomodulator for upper respiratory tract infection (Echinacea purpurea and other species) Gastrointestinal system: Emetic (lpecehuana), antiemetic (Zingiber officinal, ginger), laxative (Plantago ovata, psyllium seed), spasmolytic (Papaver somniferum, opium poppy) Nervous system: sedative (Valerian officinalis), stimulant (Piper myristicum, kava kava), cardiotonic (Crataegus oxycantha or monogyna, hawthorne), antidepressant (Hypercium perforatum, Saint John's wort)

31. 31 Chemical Components of Essential Oils & their Therapeutic Actions Aldehydes Ketones Esters Sesquiterpenes Coumarins, lactones C15 and C20 alcohols Acids, aromatic aldehydes Phenols, C10 alcohols Oxides Phenyl methyl ethers C10 terpenes Anti-infectious, litholitic, calming Mucolitic, litholitic, cicatrising, calming Antispasmodic, calming Antihistamines, anti-allergic Balancing, calming Estrogen-like action Anti-infectious, immunostimulants Anti-infectious, immunostimulants Expectorant, antiparasitic Anti-infectious, antispasmodic Antiseptic, cortizone-like action

32. 32 Reasons to Administer Aromatherapy in Conventional Medical Settings Relaxation Stress and anxiety relief Pain and discomfort relief Insomnia and restlessness Infections and wound healing Burns Enhancing self-image Stimulating immune function Treatment for constipation

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38. 38 The course of the urinary bladder channel

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40. 40 Diseases that Lend Themselves to Acupuncture Upper respiratory tract Acute sinusitis Acute rhinitis Common cold Acute tonsillitis Respiratory system Acute bronchitis Bronchial asthma Disorders of the eye Acute conjunctivitis Central retinitis Myopia (in children) Cataract (without complications...

41. 41 NIH Funded Studies Unipolar Depression Osteoarthritis Premenstrual Syndrome Common Warts Balance Disorders Menopausal Hot Flashes Postoperative Oral Surgery Pain Breech Version Chronic Sinusitis in HIV Infection Hyperactivity Intractable Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Acupuncture Acupuncture Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese Herbal Therapy Tai Qi Chinese Herbs Acupuncture Acupuncture and Moxibustion Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Qi Gong

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43. 43 Old and New Perspectives Primitive Ineffective Marginalized Becoming extinct Need to be regulated Source of leads for pharmaceutical industry Active ingredient model Holistic Cost-effective Locally available Undergoing renewal Need to be promoted Valid in their own right, with local economic value Synergistic activity concepts