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Bio 1 – Unit 2 Review

Bio 1 – Unit 2 Review. Meeting the Challenge. Cholera is a disease caused by ingesting food or water that contains the cholera bacterium. A pathogen is an agent that causes disease. Disease in a Changing World. A pathogen is an agent that causes disease.

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Bio 1 – Unit 2 Review

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  1. Bio 1 – Unit 2 Review

  2. Meeting the Challenge • Cholera is a disease caused by ingesting food or water that contains the cholera bacterium. • A pathogen is an agent that causes disease.

  3. Disease in a Changing World • A pathogen is an agent that causes disease. • Epidemiology is the study of factors that influence the occurrence and spread of disease. • In 1979, scientists announced that they had destroyed the smallpox virus. • Vaccination, a medical procedure that increases a person/animal’s resistance to a disease

  4. Disease in a Changing World, continued • The immune system of a person who has been vaccinated against a certain disease has “learned” to fight that pathogen. • The field of genetics has provided new tools for treating diseases caused by gene abnormalities. • Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to their offspring.

  5. Disease in a Changing World, continued • In 2003, the Human Genome Project finished sequencing the entire human genome, or the complete set of genetic information for a human. • Now, researchers can begin to study single genes to understand their role in genetic diseases.

  6. Applications of Biological Research, continued • Nanotechnology is the science of changing individual atoms or molecules to create new products. • For example, researchers are developing a very small, biodegradable template that may help damaged brain cells grow back after an injury.

  7. Section 2 Unit 2 – Applications of Bio

  8. Applications of Biological Research, continued • Scientists are inspired by naturally occurring biomolecules, or organic compounds, to develop new materials such as some ceramics that are based on the process clams use to form their shells. • Biomimetics is the application of biological processes and systems to solve design and engineering problems.

  9. Biology, Forensics, and Public Safety • Fingerprints, iris patterns, and genetic material are unique and can be used to identify people. • The use of biological traits to determine a person’s identity is called biometrics. • Fingerprints are one of the most common forms of evidence used in criminal investigations.

  10. Biology, Forensics, and Public Safety, continued • DNA fingerprinting is the use of a person’s unique pattern of DNA as a form of identification. Investigators can use hair or skin cells for DNA fingerprinting. • Iris scans are as unique as a fingerprint.

  11. Biology, Forensics, and Public Safety, continued • Scientists are working on developing new ways to detect and prevent the use of biological agents by terrorists. • Handheld probes can be used to detect biological agents. • Other researchers are focusing on vaccines and new antibiotic treatments for victims of biological weapons.

  12. Section 3 Unit 2 – Applications of Bio

  13. A Lost World • Ecology is the study of the interactions of living things with one another and with their environment. • The study of the air, water, and land surrounding an organism or community is called environmental science.

  14. A Lost World, continued • Biological research helps us understand, value, and protect the environment. • The environment provides natural resources such as water, food, and energy sources that are vital to human societies and to all organisms.

  15. Technology in Environmental Science • Tools such as satellite tagging, geographic information systems, and genetics are used to study and protect the environment. • Researchers use satellite tagging to track the movement of animals such as molas, polar bears, and sea turtles. The data provides insights into animal behavior and food webs and helps scientists plan conservation strategies.

  16. Technology in Environmental Science, continued • Computer modeling systems, called geographic information systems (GIS), are used to compare data about molas and their environment. GIS also allows researchers to share data. • DNA samples collected from endangered species may be studied even if the species becomes extinct. • Someday, DNA samples may be used to clone extinct animals.

  17. Summary • Biologists combine research and data from many different fields to help reduce the spread of disease. • As scientists learn more about the nature of disease, our ability to prevent and treat diseases has improved. • As our understanding of medicine, biology, and science in general increases, humans will live longer and healthier lives.

  18. Summary • Because biological factors such as fingerprints, iris patterns, and genetic material are unique, they can be used to determine an individual’s identity. • Biological research helps us understand, value, and protect the environment. We learn how to protect the environment by learning more about what affects it. • Tools such as satellite tagging, geographic information systems, and genetics are used to study and protect the environment.

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