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1972 OLYMPICS

1972 OLYMPICS. MUNICH. by: Jeff Golomboski. OLYMPIC GAMES 1972. WINNERS UP TO 5 SEPTEMBER. MARK SPITZ – AMERICAN SWIMMER AMERICAN BASKETBALL TEAM SHANE GOULD – AUSTRALIAN SWIMMER HANDBALL AND ARCHERY RETURNED TO THE OLYMPICS EVENTS AFTER A LONG ABSENSE.

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1972 OLYMPICS

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  1. 1972 OLYMPICS MUNICH by: Jeff Golomboski

  2. OLYMPIC GAMES 1972 • WINNERS UP TO 5 SEPTEMBER. • MARK SPITZ – AMERICAN SWIMMER • AMERICAN BASKETBALL TEAM • SHANE GOULD – AUSTRALIAN SWIMMER • HANDBALL AND ARCHERY RETURNED TO THE OLYMPICS EVENTS AFTER A LONG ABSENSE. • THE SOVIET UNION AND UNITED STATES WON THE MOST MEDALS PUT OF ALL COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING. • U.S.S.R – 99 MEDALS • U.S.A. – 94 MEDALS • EAST GERMANY – 66 MEDALS • WEST GERMANY – 40 MEDALS

  3. BLACK SEPTEMBER • CREATED IN 1970 • 16 SEPTEMBER 1970, KING HUSSIEN OF JORDAN DECLARED MILITARY RULE AGAINST THE PALESTINIANS AFTER THEY ATTEMPTED TO SEIZE HIS KINGDOM. • THIS RESULTED IN THE EXECUTION AND EXPULSION OF THOUSANDS OF PALESTINIANS IN JORDAN. • THE BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION WAS CREATED TO TAKE REVENGE. ARAFAT FLANKED BY HAWATEMAH AND NASSER AT A CONFERENCE IN 1970.

  4. GETTING IN • ABOUT 04:30 ON 5 SEPTEMBER 1972 • BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION (BSO) ENTERED OLYMPIC VILLAGE IN MUNICH • UN-SUSPECTING AMERICANS HELPED THEM SCALE A FENCE TO GAIN ACCESS TO THE COMPOUND • THEY GOT INTO THE ROOMS USING STOLEN KEYS.

  5. The intrusion had injuries on both sides. Yossef Gutfreund, wrestling referee, was the first to become aware of the intrusion. He threw himself against the door and warned others in the room about the intrusion. Tuvia Sokolovsky was able to break a window and escape. Moshe Weinberg, Israeli wrestling coach, was injured trying to fight back. Gad Tsobari was also able to escape. Moshe Weinberg and Yossef Romano were both killed trying to fight back. 31 Connollystraβe

  6. The Hostages • Yossef Gutfreund • Moshe Weinberg • David Berger • Yossef Romano • Ze’ev Friedman • Eliezer Halfur • Amitzer Shapira • Kehat Shorr • Mark Slavin • Andre Spitzer • Yakov Springer

  7. The 9 hostages remaining alive were located in apartments 1 and 3. Other Israeli Olympians in apartments 2, 4, and 5 were able to escape once things quieted down. Other members of the Israeli team were located in other buildings off of Olympic Village and different parts of Germany. The Remaining Team

  8. Authorities Notified • German Authorities were notified by the two Israeli athletes that escaped during the intrusion. • Within an hour, by 0500, all the hostages were kept in one of the apartments. • They were each bound and then they were bound with each other to prevent them from fighting back. • Before the authorities even showed up the Black September terrorists had their demands written in English.

  9. The Demands • The release of and safe passage to Egypt of 234 Palestinian & non-Arabs jailed in Israel along with two German prisoners which were the founders of the German Red Army Faction. • The Counter-demands • Unlimited amounts of money • Substitution of high ranking German officials for the release of the hostages. All of the Demands were Denied

  10. Games Stopped • All of the Olympic games were stopped, but only for 2 days. • On the day of the attack the games continued even 12 hours after the first hostage was killed. • Further negotiations went on and were turned down without hesitation by BLO.

  11. Proof of Life • Two German officials were allowed access to the apartment to check the well-being of the remaining hostages. The officials were Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Interior and Walter Tröger, mayor of Olympic Village. Shorr and Spitzer talking with authorities.

  12. 1st Rescue Attempt • An initial attempt was in the works. However it was being shown live on T.V. and was called off since the Black September terrorists were watching it take place. • German Police and Officials were told if any other attempts were tried that the hostages would killed.

  13. Hostages are Moved • BSO requested a jet to take them and the hostages to Cairo. The requested was denied, Egypt refused to take any part in the matter. • Instead, they were taken to Furstenfeldbruck Airport.

  14. The Final Attempt • A very basic plan was built to rescue the hostages. None of the officials in charge had any special training in Hostage-Crisis or Negotiation. • The plan was to set-up snipers and have them take-out the terrorists on the way from the busses to the airplane. • This plan failed miserably. There were multiple reasons for this.

  15. There were no radio sets or any forms of communication being used. • Rifles being used were not equipped with scopes. • Not enough manpower was being used during the attempt. • Lack of knowledge to this type of situation.

  16. The news broadcasts first said that all the hostages were alive. With the morale of everyone boosted the real broadcast came through: • "Our greatest hopes and our worst fears are seldom realized. Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They've now said that there were eleven hostages; two were killed in their rooms yesterday morning, nine were killed at the airport tonight. They're all gone.“ --Jim McKay, ABC News

  17. Effects on the Games • The 1972 Olympics were halted for a only a short period. 2 Days: • The first on the day of the attack, 5 Sep 72 • The second for a memorial service, 6 Sep 72 • Until this time the Olympic Games have never been stopped for any reason.

  18. Israel took immediate action. • Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir met with the families of the hostages. She assured them that action would be taken against those involved in anyway. • “Send the boys forth.” Golda Meir

  19. Operation Wrath of God • Israeli Mossad agents were sent out to assassinate the key players involved in the planning of Munich. • An exact number of targets killed has yet to be determined. They range between 20-35.

  20. The main part of the operation ended with the assassination of a civilian not involved in any way with Black September. Numerous Mossad agents were arrested immediately after. • The Mossad took rest when Ali Hassan Salameh was killed on 22 January 1979. • Salameh was the mastermind behind the Munich attack.

  21. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wrath_of_God • http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/calahan.htm • http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/905000/images/_907614_terror300.jpg • http://www.gamla.org.il/images/1999/nov/munich1.jpg • Munich, the Movie • http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/koppel/timeline/long-war/long-war_02.html

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