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CIS 103 - Computer Programming Logic

CIS 103 - Computer Programming Logic. Programming Concepts Overview prepared by Jack Wilson Cerritos College. Topics. 1.1 Programs 1.2 Modules 1.3 Algorithms 1.4 Statements 1.5 Syntax & Semantics 1.6 Logic Planning Tools 1.7 Control Structures 1.8 Memory Concepts 1.9 Data Types.

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CIS 103 - Computer Programming Logic

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  1. CIS 103 - Computer Programming Logic Programming Concepts Overview prepared by Jack Wilson Cerritos College Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  2. Topics 1.1 Programs 1.2 Modules1.3 Algorithms1.4 Statements1.5 Syntax & Semantics1.6 Logic Planning Tools 1.7 Control Structures 1.8 Memory Concepts 1.9 Data Types Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  3. 1.1 Programs A program contains one or more modules. Manylanguages require a module with a special name, such as "main" for a program to be created. Programs are often also referred to as applications or more generally as software. Program module module Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  4. 1.2 Modules • A module is a collection of statements that perform a specific task within a program. • Module is a generic term. The most commonly used terms are listed below. • functionC, C++, Python • methodJava Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  5. 1.3 Algorithms An algorithm is the name given to the logic that is developed and used to code the statements in a module. Implementation of the algorithm in a module (function): double square ( double number ){ return number * number; } • Algorithm to square a number: • get a number • multiply the number by itself • return this value Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  6. 1.4 Statements • A statement is the name given to a high level language instruction. • Programs are written using a variety of different types of statements. Examples include: • Declaration int count • Assignment count = 0 • Input get(number) • Output put(“Grand Total is “ + total) • Module Invocation printHeadings() Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  7. 1.5 Syntax & Semantics • Syntax refers to the rules of a language that must be followed to construct a valid statement. Statements are constructed using the following components: • reserved words ( aka keywords ) • identifiers • operators • literals • punctuation symbols • Semantics refers to the meaning of a statement. It addresses the question "What does the statement do?“. Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  8. 1.6 Control Structures • A control Structure determines the flow of execution for statements executing in a module. • There are 3 control structures that are used in all programming languages: • Sequence • Selection • Repetition (aka Iteration) Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  9. 1.6 Control Structures • Sequence Structure • A sequence structure performs a single task without asking any questions or repeating anything. • declare a variable • assign a value to a variable • input a value • output a value • call a function • return a value from a function • stop program execution Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  10. 1.6 Control Structures false true Selection Structure Asks a question (called a condition) and based on the answer (true or false ) follows a path of execution. In example 2, only one of the paths of execution would be followed. The diamond symbol represents a condition that evaluates to true or false. The rectangle represents a structure. Example 1 – One path of execution true false Example 2 – Two paths of execution Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  11. 1.6 Control Structures • Repetition Structure • Asks a question (called the condition) and based on the answer (true or false ) executes a statement or exits the structure. Continues to execute the statement as long as the condition evaluates to yes. • A repetition structure is often called a "loop". true false Example 1: Pre-test loop The rectangle represents a statement. The diamond represents a condition. true false Example 2: Post-test loop Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  12. 1.7 Logic Planning Tools • Pseudocode • Flowchart • Hierarchy Chart • Printer/Screen Spacing Chart • File Description (record layout chart) Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  13. 1.8 Memory Concepts • Memory is measured in bytes ( KB / MB / GB / TB ) • A byte is 8 bits ( binary digits ) • Every byte in RAM memory is assigned a unique address • Data types use one or more bytes to store informationinteger – 4 bytes real number – 8 bytes Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  14. 1.8 Memory Concepts • To avoid having to reference a specific location in memory to access a piece of data, variable names are used instead of addresses. To use a variable in a program, you must declare the variable by giving it a name and a data type.[ RAPTOR does not require us to do this ]Examples: intcount booleanfinished string name • When a program is executed, a symbol table ( think of it as a data dictionary in memory ) is created that maps the name of a variable to the location in memory where the data is being stored. Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  15. 1.9 Data Types Programs work with data ( information stored in locations in memory ).There are many different categories of data. • Numeric • integer numbers • real numbers • Text • a single character value • a "string" of characters • Boolean • True • False Every language has specific keywords which are used to specify a data type. Not all data types are supported in all languages. Here are some examples: Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  16. x.Xx Program Translation • Translators • Assembler • Compiler • Interpreter • JIT compilation Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  17. Identifiers Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  18. Expressions and Statements Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  19. Object-Oriented Programming Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  20. Procedural Programming Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  21. Event-Driven Programming Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  22. Reserved Words Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  23. Operators • Mathematical (arithmetic) • Relational (boolean) • Logical Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  24. Operator Precedence and Associativity Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  25. File Input Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  26. File Output Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  27. Program Development Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  28. Making Decisions Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  29. Looping Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  30. Working with Strings Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  31. Arrays Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  32. Classes Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  33. Class Diagrams Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

  34. Formatted Output Programming Concepts Overview Property of Jack Wilson, Cerritos College

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