1. Social Psychology Racism: Majority and Minority Identity Development

2. I. Definition • Racism = Discrimination + power Discussion Question: How do people w/ racist beliefs have power? • Racism is the routine, institutionalized mistreatment of a person based onhis/her membership in a group on the downside of power.

3. II. Effects of Racism • Economic--keep demands for higher wages & better working conditions down. • Social--segregation, leading to ignorance between groups of people. • Political--fragmentation, which leads to the impairment of acting in unison for the better good. • Personal--ignorance & fear leads to limitations in personal choice & personal growth.

4. III. Group formation • Two groups form with any type of discrimination: • Majority – the larger group or the group with more power • Minority – the smaller group or the group with less power

5. IV. Minority Identity Development Model • PRE-ENCOUNTER STAGE • programmed to think of the world as non-minority or anti-minority • act in ways that devalue their minority development • Ex: forceful / violent demonstration of power ( Black Power movement) • ENCOUNTER STAGE • gain awareness of being a minority • begin to validate themselves in terms of minority identity.

6. C. IMMERSION STAGE • reject all non-minority values • fully immerse themselves in minority culture • Ex: only associate w/ other minorities and support other minorities. D. INTERNALIZATION STAGE • develop a secure and self-confident minority identity • comfortable expressing preferences and interests for experiences from non-minority cultures • Ex: Step away from exclusive minority groups and embrace all groups

7. V. Majority Identity Development Model • PRE-EXPOSURE STAGE • Little thought to multicultural issues & role as a majority group member in a racist and oppressive society. • Ex: never considered the issues minority groups face or don’t consider it a problem

8. B. EXPOSURE STAGE • confronted with the realities of racism & prejudice • forced to examine own role as a majority group member • Anger and guilt arise. • Anger due to feeling convinced society was accepting • Guilt due to naivety and membership in racist society

9. C. ZEALOT-DEFENSIVE STAGEOne of two reactions: 1. Become active in minority causes • Reacting to guilt • Ex: reading literature or joining groups that promote minority causes 2. Become defensive of majority view • Attempt to connect with majority for support • Ex: “that minority group is overreacting, they already get too much or are paid too much attention to”

10. D. INTEGRATION STAGE • overly strong feelings of the Zealot-   Defensive Stage subside • more balanced view takes its place • deeper appreciation of one's own culture • secure, self-confident identity • appreciation of other cultures

11. Allophilia

12. Allport’s Scale • Antilocution (hate speech) • Avoidance • Discrimination • Physical Attack • Extermination