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G ROUNDWORK FOR C OLLEGE R EADING WITH PHONICS

G ROUNDWORK FOR C OLLEGE R EADING WITH PHONICS. Fourth Edition John Langan. © 2008 Townsend Press. Part I, Chapter One: Phonics I: Consonants. THIS CHAPTER IN A NUTSHELL • Twenty-one of the twenty-six letters of the English alphabet are consonants .

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G ROUNDWORK FOR C OLLEGE R EADING WITH PHONICS

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  1. GROUNDWORKFORCOLLEGE READINGWITH PHONICS Fourth Edition John Langan © 2008 Townsend Press

  2. Part I, Chapter One: Phonics I: Consonants THIS CHAPTER IN A NUTSHELL • Twenty-one of the twenty-six letters of the English alphabet are consonants. —Fifteen consonants have only one sound when they appear by themselves: b, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, y, and z. —Six consonants have more than one sound: c, d, g, q, s, and x. • There are three types of consonant combinations: —Consonant blends are combinations that blend the sounds of single consonants, such as score, splash, broke, and lift. —Consonant digraphs are pairs that combine to make a new sound: phone, their, chip. — Silent consonants are not pronounced in certain combinations: comb, write, know.

  3. PHONICS Phonics tells you • how to break a word into parts called syllables • how to pronounce each syllable

  4. CONSONANTS Twenty-one of the twenty-six letters in the English alphabet are consonants: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z

  5. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH ONLY ONE SOUND The fifteen consonants below generally have only one sound. b (bed) l (lump) t (tub) f (fan) m (mud) v (vine) h (hog) n (neck) w (web) j (jab) p (pat) y (yell) k (kiss) r (rub) z (zoom)

  6. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND The six consonants below have more thanone sound. cgdqsx

  7. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of c The letter c can have the soft sound of c, as in: cell city circus C can also have the hard sound, like a k, as in: can actor circus What other words can you think of that are examples of the soft sound of c? of the hard sound of c?

  8. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of g The letter g can have the soft sound, like a j, as in: gym angel magic G can have the hard sound, as in: game guess pig What other words can you think of that are examples of the soft sound of g? of the hard sound of g?

  9. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of d The letter d usually sounds like the d in dot, as in: date side bleed Sometimes d can sound like j, as in: educate schedule soldier

  10. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of q (qu) The letter q is always followed by u in English. Quusually sounds like kw, as in: queen quilt require Sometimes qu sounds like k, as in: antique plaque mosquito

  11. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of s The consonant susually sounds like the s in salt: soup unsafe bus Sometimes s sounds like z, as in the word those. nose reason hers

  12. SINGLE CONSONANTS WITH MORE THAN ONE SOUND: Sounds of x The consonant xusually sounds like ks: fox next Mexico When ex is followed by a vowel, it usually sounds like gz. exact exam exist When x begins a word, it sounds like z, as in the word Xerox.

  13. THREE TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONS A consonant combination is two or more consonants that work together. There are three kinds of consonant combinations: •Consonant blends: Combinations that blend the sounds of single consonants. Example:screen •Consonant digraphs: Consonant pairs that combine to make a new sound. Example:rough •Silent consonants: Consonants that are silent in certain combinations. Example:lamb

  14. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Blends Consonant blends are two or more neighboring consonants that keep their own sounds but are spoken together. Example:monster There are four major types of consonant blends: 1 Blends that begin with s 2 Blends that end in l 3 Blends that end in r 4 Other blends in the middle or at the end of a word

  15. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Blends: Blends that begin with s The consonant blends below begin with s. They are found at the beginning and in the middle of words. sc-scr-sk-sl- sn- sp- spl- spr- st- str- sw- sm- squ- Three of these blends—sk, sp, st—are also found at the end of words. Examples: scrap smog waspsprout best

  16. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Blends: Blends that end in l The consonant blends below end in l. They may be at the beginning or in the middle of a word. bl-cl-fl-gl-pl- Examples: bless clam reflect eagle apply

  17. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Blends: Blends that end in r The consonant blends below end in r. They may be at the beginning or in the middle of a word. br-cr-dr-fr-gr- pr- tr- Examples: broke increase dream afraid greed pray contract

  18. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Blends: Other blends Below is a list of other consonant blends that may appear in the middle or at the end of a word. -ft-ld-lt-mp-nd -nk -nt Examples: softly child meltdown lamp hand bankbook painting

  19. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Digraphs •A consonant digraph is a pair of consonants that combine together to make a new sound that is very different from the sound of either of the two letters. •There are three types of digraphs: 1 Digraphs that sound likef: gh and ph 2 Digraphs with new sounds of their own: sh and th 3 A digraph with three sounds: ch

  20. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Digraphs: Digraphs that sound like f The diagraphs gh and ph each have the sound of the single consonant f. Examples of words in which gh sounds like f: laughing enough tough Examples of words in which ph sounds like f: phone dolphin graph

  21. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Digraphs: Digraphs with new sounds The diagraph sh does not sound like any single letter. It has a sound of its own. Examples of words with the digraph sh: show washer fish The diagraph th can have the “voicedth sound” or the “unvoicedth sound.” Examples of words with the voicedth sound: they there bathe Examples of words with the unvoicedth sound: third thank bath

  22. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSConsonant Digraphs: A digraph with three sounds The diagraph ch has three different sounds. Most common is the hard and short ch sound as in the word check. Examples of words with the hard and short ch sound: chip chief ranch Sometimes, ch sounds like sh. Examples of words in which ch sounds like sh: chef chute Michelle Finally, ch sometimes sounds like k. Examples of words in which ch sounds like k: chorus character chronic

  23. TYPES OF CONSONANT COMBINATIONSSilent Consonants In certain letter combinations, one of the consonants is silent. •b is silent after m: bomb climb •c is silent before k: deck packer •g is silent before n: gnaw sign •h is often silent after w when wh begins a word: whisper white •w is often silent when a word begins with who: whowhole •k is silent before n: know knife •w is silent before r: wreck unwrap •When two of the same consonant are next to each other, one of them is silent: add narrow

  24. CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter, you learned the following: •Fifteen consonants have only one sound when they stand alone: b, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, y, and z. • Six consonants have more than one sound:c, g, d, q, s, and x. ccertain, curtain qqueen, antique g wage, wagssoup, nose ddate, educate x fox, exact, Xerox • There are three types of consonant combinations: —Consonant blends —Consonant digraphs —Silent consonants (Chapter Review continues on next slide)

  25. CHAPTER REVIEW, continued •Types of consonant combinations: —Consonant blends are combinations that blend the sounds of single consonants, such as the following: Blends beginning with s: score, scrap, skate, slam, small, snore, spank, splash, sprout, squeak, steel, street, swear Blends ending with l: bless, clam, flag, glad, play Blends ending with r: broke, crime, dream, free, greed, pray, train Blends at the end of a syllable or word: lift, child, belt, dumpster, windbag, bankbook, wanting (Chapter Review continues on next slide)

  26. CHAPTER REVIEW, continued —Consonant digraphs are pairs of consonants that combine to make a new sound, such as the following: Digraphs that sound like f: gh laughing ph phone Digraphs with sounds of their own: sh fishth(voiced)their th(unvoiced)third A digraph with three sounds—ch: chip chef chorus —Silent consonants are consonants that are not pronounced in certain combinations, including the following: mb combgn gnaw who whose wr write ck deck wh white kn know Two consonants together: bell, narrow, fuss

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