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HTML Introduction

HTML Introduction. CS 1020 – Lego Robot Design. Building Websites. HTML ( HyperText Markup Language) The dominate language of the internet Describes a webpage’s content Controlled by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) In practice, affected by Browser compatibility

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HTML Introduction

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  1. HTML Introduction CS 1020 – Lego Robot Design

  2. Building Websites HTML (HyperText Markup Language) • The dominate language of the internet • Describes a webpage’s content • Controlled by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • In practice, affected by Browser compatibility CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) • Describes a webpage’s presentation

  3. Tag Syntax HTML tags include: • A start tag • An optional attribute name/value pair • Content affected by the tag • A closing tag <tag-name attribute-name=“attribute-value”> ... Content ... </tag-name>

  4. Document Syntax HTML documents are made up of a hierarchical “tree” of tags structuring content. Correct hierarchy: <p> The following text is <b> bold </b> </p> Incorrect hierarchy: <p> The following text is <b> bold </p> </b>

  5. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html>

  6. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> The !DOCTYPEtag informs the browser of the webpage’s language.

  7. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> The html tags enclose all of the page’s content.

  8. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> The head tags contain extra information about the webpage.

  9. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> The title tags tell the browser the page’s name; often the title is used by the browser to label the window or tab.

  10. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> The body tags contain the content displayed on the webpage. The style attribute changes the page’s text color.

  11. Hello World Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Hello World Page </title> </head> <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> </html> Finally, the p tags surround paragraphs of text.

  12. A slightly less contrived example… <html><head> <meta http-equiv=“content-type” content=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”> <title>Empty Page</title> </head><body> I have not yet set up my home page. </body></html>

  13. Common Tags • Headers <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, ... • Italics <i> • Boldface <b> • Line breaks (singleton tag) <br> • Comments (singleton tag) <!-- ... -->

  14. Links The link tag: <a href=“http://www.cs.middlebury.edu”> Middlebury CS! </a> The hrefattribute: • Use full page address with “http://” to access other website’s pages • Use only the page’s filename to access other html pages saved in the same directory

  15. Images The image tag: <imgsrc=“racer1_thumb.jpg”> The srcattribute: • Use full page address with “http://” to access other website’s pages • Use only the page’s filename to access other html pages saved in the same directory

  16. Styling HTML with CSS Tags can be stylized by providing extra information in a style attribute. <body style=“color: blue”> <p> Hello World! </p> </body> Technically, the style attribute applies CSS styling, which is a whole language itself.

  17. Style Attribute Syntax The style attribute consists of a list of CSS property/value pairs, deliminated by semicolons. <tag style=“property: value; property: value; ...”> ... Content affected by stylization ... </tag>

  18. Common CSS Properties • Text color color: blue; • Background color background-color: white; • Height & width height/width: 600px; • Text alignment text-align: center/right/justify; • Text size font-size: 30px;

  19. More on Web Development • Tables http://w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp • Lists http://w3schools.com/html/html_lists.asp • Color names http://w3schools.com/cssref/css_colornames.asp • More CSS properties http://w3schools.com/css/default.asp • Check out other student’s webpages http://www.cs.middlebury.edu/~username

  20. HTML IntroductionColby Horn (chorn@middlebury.edu) CS 1020 – Lego Robot Design – Winter 2013

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