html5-img
1 / 14

Physical Growth, Maturation and Aging

Physical Growth, Maturation and Aging. Growth Measures: Anthropometry Height Weight Segment length Body breadth Circumferences. Height. Up to 3 yrs old, measure laying down 3+ use stadiometer Cant jump to conclusions: late maturer vs. genetically shorter. Weight.

eshe
Télécharger la présentation

Physical Growth, Maturation and Aging

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Physical Growth, Maturation and Aging • Growth Measures: Anthropometry • Height • Weight • Segment length • Body breadth • Circumferences

  2. Height • Up to 3 yrs old, measure laying down • 3+ use stadiometer • Cant jump to conclusions: late maturer vs. genetically shorter

  3. Weight • Scales: preferably platform with movable weights • Minimal clothing center of scale • No information on body composition

  4. Body Composition • Fat weight • Lean body weight • Bone • Muscle • Organs • Tissue other than fat

  5. Body Fat • Underwater weighing • Muscle more dense than fat • Completely submerged and expel air • Especially difficult with young children • Potassium 40 • Measure amount in body • Proportional to lean body mass • Lay in body counter, scans and records levels • Expensive and not widely available • Skinfold Thickness • Place caliper over fold of skin at specific sites • Enter measures into equations • Compare to norms

  6. Circumference • Reflect cross sectional size (use non stretchable tape measure) • Standard sites: head, neck waist, hip, thigh, calf, and arm • Chest often inaccurate (inspiration and breast development) • Head: important in young children (just above bony ridge of eyes) • Deviations may imply neurological abnormalities • Used only as a screening measure, not diagnosis

  7. Breadth • Assessing growth, build or physique • Blade anthropometer or breadth caliper • Bone locations e.g.. Shoulders and hips • Can observe proportional changes in physique • Gender differences; men have much larger shoulder to hip ratio

  8. Segment Length • Sitting height: determine contributions of certain segments to total height • Measures from body landmarks • Use anthropometer • Leg length: subtract sitting height from standing height

  9. Maturation Measures • Progress toward maturity by qualitative rather than quantitative advancement • Chronological age: years and days • Maturational levels are much different • Difficult to infer maturity from size (may be small yet mature for age) • Measures of size overlook genetic inheritance or excess fat weight • If genetically tall, may appear to mature early but actually normal maturity

  10. Skeletal Age • Radiographs (x-rays) usually wrist, sometimes long bones or teeth • Compare to standard measures • Increased age: denser and more opaque on x-ray • Greater calcification indicative of advancement • Expensive and unnecessary x-ray exposure

  11. Dental Eruption • Appearance of teeth (only applicable at certain ages) • 6 months to 3yrs, and 6yrs to 13 years

  12. Secondary Sex Characteristics • Pubic hair, genital development (boys) • Pubic hair, breast development (girls) • Rate 1-5 based on standard photos • Also axillary and facial hair • Method limited but good for additional information

  13. Plotting Growth • Distance Curve • Absolute amount of growth • Rate or speed of improvement • Transition points • Velocity Curve • Graph rate of change (amount of increase per year) • Acceleration Graph • Graph rate of change of velocity

  14. The Study of Growth • Careful repeated measurements of body dimensions • Skill development often related to physical size and maturity • Realistically assess capabilities and set realistic expectations

More Related