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Spanish-American War and Teddy Roosevelt. 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 9.1. imperialism. Practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations Was the U.S. planning on doing this with Spanish-American War? Some were worried they were going against their founding principles.
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Spanish-American War and Teddy Roosevelt 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 9.1
imperialism • Practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations • Was the U.S. planning on doing this with Spanish-American War? Some were worried they were going against their founding principles
isolationism • Avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries; keep to yourselves • George Washington idea
Isolationism vs. Imperialism • Arguments for BOTH sides • Imperialism: Broaden our economy by trading for goods we can’t get at home and protect out trading partners’ interests • Isolationism: Protect our own interests and people
Cuban Revolution • Unfair Spanish rule; horrible conditions • Also issues in Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico
Yellow Journalism • U.S. journalists want to EXAGGERATE the truth to promote PROPOGANDA for war against Spain • Also…war sells newspapers/magazines which makes money for journalists • Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were the main culprits • Hearst supposedly was quoted as saying: “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”
Presidents get Pressured • Grover Cleveland avoided war • McKinley was hesitant as well, but then the explosion happened
USS Maine • Hearst published a letter stating that the Spanish minister called McKinley a weak leader; this outraged many Americans • 6 days later, Maine exploded killing 260 Americans off the coast of Havana, Cuba • Many thought Spain detonated a submerged mine under the Maine
Avoid War • Spain offered to negotiate, but did not want to give up Cuba • U.S. stated they did not want Cuba (Teller Amendment); but wanted Cuban independence instead and Spain had 3 days to leave • Spain and U.S. declare war
Spain crushed! • Many U.S. problems were Yellow Fever, rather than enemy violence • Other issues were disease and food poisoning • Spain was not a big issue
Roosevelt’s Rough Riders • Fought bravely during war, which led to Teddy becoming McKinley’s VP during his 2nd term
Cuba • After war, U.S. set up a military government in Cuba and helped develop the island nation • Cubans had to get American permission on many ideas • Cuba received independence in 1934
Philippines • U.S. liked the trade value here • Filipinos fought back • As a result, U.S. allowed Filipinos SOME independence until 1946 when they received full independence
Puerto Rico and Guam • Eventually became U.S. territories
Roosevelt’s presidency • McKinley assassinated • Roosevelt was young and energetic; always moving • Born to wealth, but very sympathetic to poor • “Teddy Bear”
Coal Miners’ Strike • Miners went on strike with Union support for shorter hour and equal pay • Winter was approaching and some were worried • Roosevelt intervened; threatening miners that federal government would take over if no deal was made • Deal gone done in miners’ favor in time for winter • Past presidents were against workers, but Teddy was fair = SQUARE DEAL
Roosevelt and Big Business • He thought there were good trusts and bad trusts • He fought the bad trusts, like J.P. Morgan and didn’t back down • He won a supreme court case by using the Sherman Antitrust Act to defeat corrupt business officials • Roosevelt stood up to these big corporate goons
Wins RE-Election! • Some thought Roosevelt (Republican) was anti-big business and wanted the federal government to take control of private affairs (sound familiar?) • However, Roosevelt charmed the public and won big
Roosevelt and Muckrakers • Some muckrakers were known to exaggerate at times, but they were exposing corruption effectively; however, the government often would not do anything about it • Then came Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
“the Jungle” • Exposed the meat industry packing contaminated meat • Public outraged • Roosevelt helped formed the Pure Food and Drug Act as a result • Roosevelt started to reform other areas as a result of muckrakers’ work; which led to some fellow Republicans criticizing Roosevelt for supporting too many Progressive ideas
Roosevelt and Conservation • Roosevelt was a big outdoorsman and loved nature and hunting • This carried into the White House
2 types of View on Conservation • Preservationists: nature should be kept as it is for its beauty. Leave nature alone (John Muir) • Conservationists: Save natural resources, but use them in moderation for human needs (wood) • Both groups worked together however
Roosevelt and Conservation • Kept private companies from destroying nature for economic value • Bought up land for public use = National Park System • Still use this today
Panama Canal • During the Spanish-American War, took American ships weeks to get to Cuba • USS Oregon: 67 days!
Panama Canal • One of greatest engineering projects in world • Linked Atlantic to Pacific through Latin America • 11 years to build, 6000 lives lost • “Highway between oceans”
Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” • Monitored European affairs in Latin America so wouldn’t ruin U.S. relations (Monroe Doctrine)
