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The Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire. World History I. The Holy Roman Church. The Catholic Church reigned over all of Europe The Church gained more and more power over the people Pope Innocent III claimed to have broad power over the king

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The Holy Roman Empire

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  1. The Holy Roman Empire World History I

  2. The Holy Roman Church • The Catholic Church reigned over all of Europe • The Church gained more and more power over the people • Pope Innocent III claimed to have broad power over the king • Kings and members of the clergy were fighting for supreme power over European countries

  3. What is the Holy Roman Empire? • Charlemagne’s empire broke into small states • Otto I took the title of King of Germany • He worked closely with the church • A pope crowned Otto as “emperor” • His successors took the title “Holy Roman Emperor” • “Holy” = appointed by the pope • “Roman” = heirs to the Roman Empire

  4. Popes vs. Emperors • Pope Gregory VII • One of the greatest yet most controversial popes • He wanted to make the church independent of secular rulers • Banned lay invesititure • Emperor Henry IV • Holy Roman Emperor • Argued that the emperor was the bishop’s overlord • Concordat of Worms • Henry was excommunicated and the struggle for power got bigger and bigger • In 1122 both the pope and the emperor accepted the treaty

  5. The Struggle for Italy • Frederick I • Also known as Frederick Barbarossa • Means “Red Beard” • He wanted to bring Germany and Italy back together • Frederick II • Arrogant and fearless • Pursued all of his ambitions in Italy • Clashed with popes • Effects on Germany • Germans became independent • German was not united into different feudal states • Effects on Italy • Local uprisings to fight against greedy emperors • Italy was left in ruins

  6. The Powerful Church • After defeating the Holy Roman Emperors, the church gained more power • The Pope claimed to be “between God and man” • Pope Innocent III clashed with all other rulers • Placed all of England under interdict • Excommunicated Frederick II of France • Launched the Albigensian Crusades • The French wanted to purify the Church

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