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论语英译范例之二

曾子曰： “ 吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？ ”. 本段今译 ：曾子说： “ 我每天都再三反身自己：为别人出主意有不真心的情况吗？与朋友交往有不讲信用的情况吗？老师传授的知识复习和练习了吗？ ”. 论语英译范例之二. 【 概述 】

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论语英译范例之二

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  1. 曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？” 本段今译：曾子说：“我每天都再三反身自己：为别人出主意有不真心的情况吗？与朋友交往有不讲信用的情况吗？老师传授的知识复习和练习了吗？” 论语英译范例之二

  2. 【概述】 • 这是《论语》“学而篇第一”中的第四篇。本篇中的关键词是“三省”、“谋”、“忠”、“信”、“传”、“习”。这些都是实词。文言虚词主要有“而”和“乎”，在选段之一的评析中已提到过。历来中外译者争议比较大的，是对“三省”二字的理解，有人认为是“三次”；有人认为是“三个方面”；还有人认为是“再三”、“多次”，笔者认为“再三”比较确切。

  3. 【翻译要点评析】 • 1. “曾子”：是孔子的学生，姓曾，名参。中国学者一般都译成Zeng Zi, 外国学者译为The philosopher Tsang或Master Tseng, 说明其身份。

  4. 【翻译要点评析】 • 2. “吾日三省吾身”，“吾”：我。“日”：每天。“三”：再三，古汉语中，“三”和“九”常表示虚数，意即“多次”。丁往道理解为“三次”three times; 理雅各和威利理解为“三个方面”three points; 而王福林、赖波、潘富恩三人则理解为“再三”，“多次”several times; once and again。笔者认为，后三位中国译者的理解比较确切。“省”（xing）：检查；反省examine。“吾身”：我自己myself。

  5. 【翻译要点评析】 • 3. “为人谋而不忠乎？”，“为人”：替别人for others。“谋”：出谋策划give counsels to others，有人译为transact business; act on behalf of; help; work; do things等，在对“谋”字的理解程度上深浅不等。“而”：本段的两个“而”都是连词。“忠”：忠心，faithful; loyal; conscientious均可。“乎“：此段忠的三个“乎”都是语气词，表示疑问语气，相当于“吗”。

  6. 【翻译要点评析】 • 4. “与朋友交而不信乎？”，“交”：交往intercourse with; get along with; in contacts with。“不信”：不守信用not sincere; not true to; insincere; not honest。

  7. 【翻译要点评析】 • 5. “传不习乎？”，“传”：老师传授的知识instruction of my teacher; what my teacher taught me。“习”：复习，练习review and practise。

  8. 【六种不同的译文】 • 1. 理译：The philosopher Tsang said, “I daily examine myself on three points: — whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; — whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere; — whether I may have not mastered and practised the instruction of my teacher.”

  9. 【六种不同的译文】 • 2 .威译：Master Tseng said, Every day I examine myself on these three points: in acting on behalf of others, have I always been loyal to their interests? In intercourse with my friends, have I always been true to my word? Have I failed to repeat the precepts that have been handed down to me?

  10. 【六种不同的译文】 • 3. 王译： Zengzi said, “Several times each day I examine myself: Have I been unfaithful in giving counsels to others? Have I been insincere in getting along with my friends? And have I reviewed and practised the teachings of my teacher?”

  11. 【六种不同的译文】 • 4. 赖译：Zeng Zi (a disciple of Confucius) said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”

  12. 【六种不同的译文】 • 5. 潘译：Zeng Zi said, “I daily examine myself for several times: Have I been conscientious in working for others? Have I been sincere in dealing with friends? Have I reviewed what my teacher taught me?”

  13. 【六种不同的译文】 • 6. 丁译：Zengzi said, “I examine myself three times daily: Have I been faithful in doing things for others? Have I been trustworthy in contacts with friends? Have I reviewed and practised what my teacher has taught me?”

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