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Understanding Earthquakes: Key Concepts and Terminology

This comprehensive study guide covers essential concepts related to earthquakes, including seismic waves, measurement scales, and safety precautions. Key terms such as "foreshock," "seismograph," and "epicenter" are defined, along with explanations of their role in earthquake science. The guide emphasizes the behavior of seismic waves, the significance of magnitude and intensity, and practical tips for earthquake preparedness. Ideal for students and those interested in geology, this resource aims to improve understanding of seismic activity and its impact on the Earth.

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Understanding Earthquakes: Key Concepts and Terminology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 12 Study Notes Earthquakes

  2. 1 • A ____ wave is a seismic wave that travels through the _____ of the earth. • body • interior

  3. 2 • A _______ is a small earthquake that may precede a ______ earthquake. • foreshock • larger

  4. 3 • A modern _______ consists of _____ sensing devices. • seismograph • three

  5. 4 • A ______ ______ is an area in which strong earthquakes have occurred in the ______. • seismic • gap • past

  6. 5 • A ______ displays earthquake motion ________ by a seismograph. • seismogram • recorded

  7. 6 • A _______ is an instrument that records the ground _______. • seismograph • vibrations

  8. 7 • A __________ is an area where no direct ______ _____ from a particular earthquake can be detected. • shadow zone • seismic • waves

  9. 8 • A ______ wave is a seismic wave that travels along the _______ of the earth. • surface • surface

  10. 9 • A ______ is a large ocean _____ that forms after a volcanic eruption, underwater earthquake, or landslide. • tsunami • wave

  11. 10 • As tsunamis move toward shore the waves _______ in _____. • increase • height

  12. 11 • Before and after an earthquake you should stay _______ and follow ________. • cautious • instructions

  13. 12 • During a _____ earthquake, buildings may _____ or _______. • major • sway • collapse

  14. 13 • Earth’s interior affects the _____ and _______ of seismic waves. • speed • direction

  15. 14 • Earthquake _______ is _________. • prediction • unreliable

  16. 15 • Earthquakes generally occur at _____ _______ where stress on rocks is the ________. • plate • boundaries • greatest

  17. 16 • _______ ________is the ______ return of deformed rock to its ________ shape. • Elastic • rebound • sudden • undeformed

  18. 17 • If you are ______ during an earthquake, you should crouch under _____. • indoors • desk

  19. 18 • _____ is the amount of _______ caused by an earthquake. • Intensity • damage

  20. 19 • Intensity ____ on the modified Mercalli scale is described as causing _____ __________. • XII • total • destruction

  21. 20 • ________ is a measure of the ______ of an earthquake. • Magnitude • strength

  22. 21 • P _______ are the ______ body waves. • waves • fastest

  23. 22 • P waves can travel through ______, ______, and _______. • solids • liquids • gases

  24. 23 • P waves travel _______ through very _____ and not easily _______ materials. • fastest • rigid • compressed

  25. 24 • S waves can only travel through ______. • solids

  26. 25 • Scientists find the _______ of an earthquake by comparing the ______ times of P waves and S waves at _____ or more seismograph stations. • epicenter • arrival • three

  27. 26 • Scientists study ______ ______, ____ ______, and _______ in order to predict earthquakes. • seismic • gaps • rock • changes • foreshocks

  28. 27 • The _______ of an earthquake is the point on Earth’s _______ directly above the earthquake’s focus. • epicenter • surface

  29. 28 • The ______ ______ of an earthquake occurs at the _____. • first • motion • focus

  30. 29 • The _______ _______ scale measures the _________ of an earthquake. • modified • Mercalli • intensity

  31. 30 • The moment magnitude scale measures the ________ of an earthquake by the _____ size and the ______ that the fault blocks move. • magnitude • fault • distance

  32. 31 • The _______ _______ scale measures the ________ of large earthquakes the most ________. • moment • magnitude • magnitude • accurately

  33. 32 • The Richter scale is based on ________. • magnitude

  34. 33 • The Richter scale measures the _____ of an earthquake using ______ ______. • magnitude • ground • motion

  35. 34 • _______ _______, ________, and undersea ________ may all cause a tsunami. • Volcanic • eruptions • earthquakes • landslides

  36. 35 • When seismologists record ______ times of P waves and S waves at three or more seismograph stations, they are looking for the earthquake’s ________. • arrival • epicenter

  37. 36 • You can prepare for an earthquake by gathering _____, _____, _______, and a portable _____. • food • water • flashlights • radio

  38. The End

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