2 nd Nine Weeks Exam Review

1. 2nd Nine Weeks Exam Review Ch. 6, Ch. 7 & Civics in Action HB

2. False • 1. The American colonies declared independence from Great Britain in July 1775. • 2. British advantages during the war included a stronger military, greater wealth, and a larger population. • 3. At least one-half of all American colonists were Loyalists. • 4. Most of the soldiers in the Continental Army signed up for the duration of the war. • 5. Nathan Hale was a Patriot soldier who became a traitor and spied for the British. • 6. The defeat of General Burgoyne at Saratoga was the result of the British army's shortage of weapons and supplies. True False False False True

3. True • 7. Spain's attacks on British forts in places such as Mobile helped the Americans by diverting British troops from fighting the war. • 8. When Congress printed millions of dollars worth of paper money, with little gold and silver to back it up, the price of goods in the colonies dropped. • 9.A blockade of the American coast by British ships prevented supplies and reinforcement from reaching the Continental Army. • 10. The French were the American colonists' most important ally during the American Revolution. • 11. The last battle of the American Revolution occurred at Yorktown in 1781. False True True True

4. Patriots • 12. What was the name given to Americans who supported independence? • 13. On Christmas night 1776, the Patriots scored a victory at • 14. "These are the times that try men's souls," was written by • 16. Where did the Patriot forces endure a winter of terrible suffering? Trenton Thomas Paine Valley Forge

5. Saratoga • 17. The French announced support for the United States after the American victory at • 20. King George III agreed to give the Americans their freedom after the victory at • 21. Americans who remained loyal to Great Britain were • 27. The British promised to withdraw all troops from American territory in the • 29. Bernardo de Gálvez was _____ and an _____ of the American colonies. Yorktown Tories Treaty of Paris Governor of Spanish Louisiana & an ally

6. b. Benedict Arnold 33. I was considered an American hero and one of Washington’s trusted generals at the beginning of the war; I then became a traitor to my country for joining the British 34. I was a Prussian soldier who spend the winter at Valley Forge helping to train the Continental Army. 35. I led volunteers on a raid against the British in the Ohio Valley; I was able to capture forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia as well as Vincennnes 36. I came from France to support the American cause; known as the “drill master.” d. Von Steuben A. Clark C . Lafayette.

7. C. Thomas Paine • 37.Writer and journalist; known as “a soldier of words.” • 38.Chosen to command the Continental Army during the Revolution • 39.Known as the “Swamp Fox” for my guerilla warfare tactics. • 40.Daring privateer who sailed to the coast of Great Britain to attack a British warship in the North Sea. A. Washington B. Francis Marion D. John Paul Jones

8. C. Trenton • 43.Washington showed his creativity as a military leader, when on Christmas night in 1776, the Patriots crossed the Delaware to score a victory against the Hessians. 44.____These battles are where it all started with the “Shot Heard Round the World.” 45.____This battle helped to settle Patriot control in the western territories of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. • 46.____This was the first major battle of the war; although it was a loss for the Patriots due to lack of ammunition, the British soldiers earned a new respect for our determination and skill. • 47.____This was the last major battle of the war. Washington surprised the British by marching south, using the French to surround Cornwallis and bombarding him until he surrendered. • 48.____This American victory over Burgoyne convinced European countries to help us; considered the turning point of the Revolution. B. Lexington & Concord D. Vincennes E. Bunker’s Hill B. Yorktown A. Saratoga

9. A. Republic • Ch. 7 - Forming a New Nation • 7. A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives is called a • 8. The division of powers between the national government and the states is a • 9. What keeps any one branch of government from gaining too much power? • 10. The book of essays explaining and supporting the Constitution was called • 11. What were supporters of the new Constitution called? • 12. Which statement best describes the reasons given by George Mason (and other anti-federalists) for his opposition to the Constitution? B. Federal System A. Checks and Balances D. The Federalist Papers C. Federalists C. No listing of rights / national gov’t overrules states

10. A. The U.S. Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation B. The nation’s finances 13. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 14. One major weakness of the Confederation was that it could not deal with 15. The Revolutionary War brought into focus the contradiction between the American battle for liberty and the 16. Constitutional Convention delegates voted for a national government based on the 17. Convention delegates broke the deadlock between large and small states over state representation when they approved the Three-fifths Compromise. 18. Under the new Constitution, the Supreme Court and federal courts hear cases involving all of the following except 19. The national government's first attempt to halt slavery is found in d. The Practice of Slavery A. Virginia Plan C. The Great Compromise B. Disagreements with foreign countries A. Northwest Ordinance

11. Checks and Balances • The United States Constitution's system of _________________________ ensures that no one branch of the federal government can become too powerful. Control and use of the ____________________ River was a major issue between the United States and Spain in the 1780s. When the United States Constitution was complete, three delegates refused to sign it because it did not have a ____________________. Under the United States Constitution, the president and vice president are elected indirectly by a special group called the ____________________. Mississippi Bill of Rights Electoral College

12. Shays’ Rebellion After hearing about the event known as ____________________, George Washington and other leaders were willing to revise the Articles of Confederation. Under the Confederation, many states avoided a concentration of government power by establishing a ____________________ legislature. The government of the Confederation could not pay its debts because it lacked the power to ____________________ the states or American citizens. bicameral tax

13. LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE Identify the Branch of the Gov’t described: Creates the law_____________ Carries out the law _________________ Evaluates the law_____________________ Headed by the Supreme Court ________________ Headed by Congress ___________________ Headed by the President _____________________ JUDICIAL JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVDE EXECUTIVE

14. A C C Articles of Confederation or the U.S. Constitution ____Established a Confederation Government. ____Established a Federation Government ___ Signed by the delegates in 1787 ___Did not establish an executive branch. ___Required the approval of 13 states. ___Had a bicameral legislature. ___ Created a strong national government ___State governments held all the power ___Created a weak national government ___ The American public was not confident in their government. A A C C A A A

15. A A ____Could not pay off debts ____States could print their own money ___Required the approval of 9 states ____ Created a court system ___ Could not regulate trade. ____ Could not impose taxes ___ Ratified in by the states in 1781. ___ Organized under three branches. C C A A A C

16. Bill of Rights • Identify the correct term or person: The first ten amendments to the Constitution The division of power between the national and state governments is called The division of power between powers of the national government into three branches is called A two house legislature is called The “Father of the Constitution” is Federalism Separation of Powers Bicamera; James Madison

17. WASHINGTON The President of the Constitutional Convention was The ability of each branch of government to limit the power of the other 2 branches is called The idea for Separation of Powers came from The idea for representative government came from The idea of Limited Government (limited the power of a ruler) came from Checks and Balances Montesqieu English Parliament Magna Carta

18. Delaware The 1st state to ratify the Constitution The 9th state to ratify the Constitution The 13th state to ratify the Constitution With this state’s approval the Constitution officially became our nation’s plan of government New Hampshire Rhode Island New Hampshire

19. To form a more perfect UNION • Identify the 6 Goals of the U.S. Constitution according to each definition: • - work together as one country - fairness and equality under the law • - peace within the U.S. • - protection from enemies/war • -provide for citizens of the U.S. • -protects rights and freedoms Establish JUSTICE Ensure domestic TRANQUILITY Provide for the Common Defense Promote the general WELFARE Secure the Blessings of LIBERTY

20. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • What are the 7 Principles of the Constitution according to each definition: – This idea supports government by the PEOPLE. – Citizens elect representatives to make laws in this form of government. – This system assigns some powers to the national government and other powers to the state government. REPUBLICANISM FEDERALISM

21. CHECKS AND BALANCES – Gives each branch of government some ability to limit the actions of the other two branches. – This idea keeps the government from abusing power. – These are protected by the Bill of Rights. – This idea was the basis for dividing the government into three branches LIMITED GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

22. RESERVED IMPLIED Federalism Vocabulary: • _____________ – powers retained to the states • _____________ – powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution • _____________ – powers shared by the states and the federal government • _____________ – powers belonging only to the national (federal) government • _____________ – the sharing of power between federal and state governments CONCURRENT ENUMERATED FEDERALISM

23. ENUMERATED CONCURRENT • Identify each as Enumerated, Reserved, or Concurrent or DENIED • _______________________power to discontinue the manufacture and circulation of pennies • _______________________power to raise taxes • _______________________power to establish a new township or city due to increased population • _______________________power to try persons accused of crimes • _______________________power to pass a law requiring year-round schooling for grades K-12 • _______________________power to make and approve treaties with other countries • _______________________power to eliminate all trade with China RESERVED CONCURRENT RESERVED ENUMERATED ENUMERATED

24. RESERVED CONCURRENT • _______________________power to require a Driver’s Ed Course for anyone 16 – 21 • _______________________power to create laws • _______________________power to declare war • _______________________power to Knight the members of One Direction • _______________________power to determine voter qualifications and set voting locations ENUMERATED DENIED RESERVED

25. EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE Executive, Legislative, or Judicial? • Enforces laws - ___________________ Creates laws - ____________________ Interprets laws - ___________________ Headed by Congress (House and Senate) __________________________ Headed by the Supreme Court ______________________ • Headed by the President ____________________________ JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL EXECUTIVE

26. EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE • Can negotiate treaties • Can grant pardons (get out of jail card) • Can disapprove a proposed treaty • Settles disagreements between the states • Can appropriate money (decide how to spend $ from taxes) • Decides if a citizen’s rights have been violated • Can declare a law unconstitutional • Can declare war • Command the military JUDICAL LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE

27. FIRST – 1ST • Which Amendment is being described: • Guarantees freedoms of speech, press, petition, assembly, and religion _________________ • Right to a speedy trial by jury _________________________ • Protects against unreasonable searches and seizure __________________________ • Powers reserved to the people ___________________________ • States that ALL citizens have the same rights & equal protection under the law __________________ SIXTH – 6TH FOURTH – 4TH NINTH – 9TH FOURTEENTH – 14TH

28. TWENTY-SIXTH – 26TH SECOND – 2ND • 18 year-olds gain the right to vote_____________ • the right to bear arms (own guns ____________ • Protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment _______________________ • African Americans gain the right to vote ________________________ • Protection against the quartering (housing) of soldiers _________________________ EIGHTH – 8TH FIFTEENTH – 15TH THIRD – 3RD

29. NINTEENTH – 19TH • Women gain the right to vote______________ • Rights of the accused (due process of law, right to remain silent, etc) ________________ • Powers reserved to the states _____________ • Right to a jury trial in civil cases ____________ • Abolition of Slavery ____________________ FIFTH – 5TH TEN – 10TH SEVENTH – 7TH THIRTEENTH – 13TH