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Global Shakes:

How earthquakes help us understand plate tectonics and identify geohazardous regions of the world. Global Shakes:. Erica Rios, Angie Pettenato, and Shoua Yang. COSMOS 2006: Earthquakes in Action. Outline. What is an Earthquake? Engdahl Centennial Catalog Types of Boundaries

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Global Shakes:

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  1. How earthquakes help us understand plate tectonics and identify geohazardous regions of the world Global Shakes: Erica Rios, Angie Pettenato, and Shoua Yang COSMOS 2006: Earthquakes in Action

  2. Outline • What is an Earthquake? • Engdahl Centennial Catalog • Types of Boundaries • Major Trenches • Screen Shot • Conclusion • Acknowledgements • Demo

  3. What is an Earthquake? • An earthquake is a trembling of the Earth's surface • Usually caused by stress that is released along the fault lines as pressure builds up over time • Shock waves will be generated by the movement of the masses of rock and crust.

  4. Engdahl Centennial Earthquake Catalog • Contains information on earthquakes recorded around the world • Recently updated to include earthquakes from 1900-2002 • Complete down to Mw 7.0 between 1900-1964 and Mw 5.5 for 1964-2002

  5. Transform Boundaries • Plates move horizontally against each other • Earthquakes tend to be shallow and small to moderate in magnitude • Example: San Andreas Fault in California • 1906 San Francisco • 1989 Loma Prieta http://www.earthscape.org/t1/lic01/lic01ba.html

  6. Where plates move apart and away from each other Formation of new crust Earthquakes tend to be shallow to medium depth with lesser magnitudes. Ex) Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ex) East African Rift Zone Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, Horn of Africa Divergent Boundaries http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm

  7. Convergent Boundaries • Plates move toward each other • One plate subducts under another • Earthquakes tend to be deep and range all magnitudes • Trenches & tsunamis • Earthquake struck northeast of La Paz, Bolivia on June 9, 1994 • M 8.3 • Depth of 636 km http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/geology100/IntroLecture1.htm

  8. Aleutian Trench • Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American Plate • Great earthquake hit Alaska on March 27, 1964 • M 9.2 • 61.4°N, 147.73°W • Caused avalanches, landslides, tsunamis, and ground deformations http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~geog3/concept_illus/691_ex.jpg

  9. Peru-Chile Trench • Located along southeastern Pacific Ocean, about 160 km off the coast of Peru and Chile • Result of the eastern edge of the Nazca Plate subducting under the South American Plate • Extends 5,900 km and has a maximum depth of 8.1 km • Great earthquake struck south of Central Chile on May 22, 1960 • M 8.6 • Depth of 33 km http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench

  10. Java Trench • Located in the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean • Trench is a seam between the Eurasian and Indian Plates • Extends 2,600 km and has a maximum depth of 7.7 km • Major earthquake resulted in the deadly tsunami of December 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench

  11. Visualization • Tectonic plate boundaries, colored by type • Earthquakes by magnitude • Major cities’ populations: 6 million to 12 million • Volcanic Hotspots

  12. Conclusion • Engdahl Catalog: record of earthquakes from 1900 – 2002 • Updated the catalog’s 3D scene file with tectonics, hotspots, major cities, undersea trenches • Geohazards of living in certain regions of the world

  13. Acknowledgment We would like to thank the following people in helping us to complete this project: Allison Jacobs Bridget Smith Debi Kilb Jerry Lederman Benson Shing Andreas Stavridis Jon Deck

  14. Works Cited • http://earthquake/usgs.gov/research/data/centennial.php • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Trench • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strike_slip_fault • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_Trench • http://www.extremescience.com/GreatestEarthquake.htm • http://www.margins.wustl.edu/SF/I-B_M/IZUBonin.html • http://www.crew.org/home/eqfacts.html • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/tectonics/transform.html • http://www.scec.org/core/public/showobject.php/12940 • http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=5424%&archives=true

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