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Classification of Living Things: Understanding Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Approximately 1.7 million species have been classified, with estimates suggesting around 8.8 million exist. All species are grouped based on genetics into three main domains: Archaea, Eubacteria (both prokaryotes), and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are divided into two kingdoms, Archea and Eubacteria, with the former being primitive and the latter more developed. Eukaryotes encompass four kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Fungi, and Protists. Archaea thrive in extreme conditions, showcasing remarkable adaptations such as thermophiles, halophiles, psychrophiles, and acidophiles.

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Classification of Living Things: Understanding Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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  1. Living Things • 1.7 million species been classified • suggested around 8.8 million species • all are put into groups based on genetics • 3 main domains (groups) are: • Archaea & Eubacteria – prokaryotes • Eukaryotes • BiologySource

  2. Prokaryotes – 2 Kingdoms • Formerly 1 kingdom - Monera • Archea – primitive bacteria • Eubacteria – more developed • earliest life on earth • diverged from common ancestor ~ 4 bya • eukaryotes diverged millions yrs later

  3. Eukaryotes – 4 Kingdoms • Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protists

  4. 1. Archea • can live in extreme conditions • thermophiles – hot temp like hydrothermal vent • halophile – salty environments like Dead Sea

  5. psycrophiles – live at cold temp (Antarctic lakes) • acidophiles – can tolerate pH 0 • some live in normal temp and environments • most are methanogens – absorb CO2, N2, or H2S and give off methane • doesn’t require sunlight or oxygen

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