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Antigone: Tragic Hero and Drama Elements in Sophocles' Play

Analyze the tragic hero and drama elements in Sophocles' play Antigone. Explore conflicts, characters, and themes while studying Greek chorus and literary terms.

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Antigone: Tragic Hero and Drama Elements in Sophocles' Play

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  1. Antigone by Sophocles

  2. Objectives • Analyze tragic hero and archetypal character • Identify and analyze the elements of drama (i.e. stage directions, dialogue, soliloquy, monologue, aside) • s

  3. Drama Background • Drama was formed from religious celebrations in Athens, Greece during the 5th century B.C. • Contests were held for the best tragedies and comedies.

  4. Early Greek Drama • Dionysus is the god of wine and fertility. • Celebrations were held with dancing and singing to give thanks to Dionysus.

  5. Define: pg. 8 • Tragedies • Satyr plays • Comedies

  6. Famous Greek Playwrights • Sophocles • Euripides • Aeschulus

  7. Sophocles’ Trilogy • Oedipus Rex • Oedipus at Colonus • Antigone

  8. The Myth of Oedipus: • Read & take notes pgs 10-12

  9. Greek Chorus • Group of 14-50 men who sing and dance in unison • Narrate and foreshadow • Act as the voice of the citizens • Ideal Spectator

  10. Greek Drama Terms: • Prologue: background to conflict and characters • Parados: opening song/sets mood and tone of play

  11. Greek Drama Terms: • Episodes: scenes • Odes: songs that follow each episode • Exodus: final scene

  12. Ancient Greece City of Thebes Setting:

  13. Antigone young, teenage girl Daughter to Oedipus Creon Uncle to Antigone & Ismene Brother to Queen Jocasta Protagonists:

  14. Conflict: • Antigone wants to honor and respect both her brothers by giving them burial. She observes the laws of the gods.

  15. Conflict: • Creon decrees that Polyneices is a traitor for attacking his homeland. He shall receive no burial…

  16. Conflict: • Creon believes that that civil law is more important than the laws of the gods.

  17. Term: • Hubris is Greek term for extreme pride or arrogance. The gods often punished mortals for this quality.

  18. Literary Terms • Foil • Verbal irony • Dramatic irony • Logical Fallacy-use device

  19. Objectives/Prologue • Dialogue • Verbal irony • Logical fallacy • Foil • Tone

  20. Objectives/Parados The Civil War Between brothers • Figurative language: • simile • metaphor • alliteration • Theme/hubris

  21. Objectives/Episode 1 • Plot/Rising Action • Direct/Indirect Characterization • Aside • Monologue • Dramatic Irony

  22. Objectives/Ode 1 • Summary: the wonders of mankind • Foreshadowing/Theme (define/identify) • What is the Greek view of anarchy? • Whose side does the chorus appear to support? Antigone or Creon? Evidence?

  23. Objectives/Episode 2 • Plot/Rising Action/Complications • Metaphor-lines 35-40 • Characterization: line 74-75 • Conflict: External & Internal • Situational irony-identify/discuss examples

  24. Objectives/Ode 2 • Foreshadowing • Diction/imagery • Tone • Metaphor • Theme-hubris

  25. Vocabulary/Pro-Ode 2 • Study for Test!! • Dictionary.com • Repulse, Sated, Swagger, Comprehensive, Senile, Sententiously, Lithe, Insolence, Waver, Transcends

  26. Antigone Test: Pro-Sc2/Ode 2 • EOC Review/Foreign Expressions: • 42. carte blanche a. without fraud • 43. avante garde b. authority to act • 44. bona fide c. innovative • 45. faux pas d. violation of norms

  27. Objectives/Scene 3 • Plot/Rising Action • Tone • Metaphor • Ad Hominem/Non sequitor • Foreshadowing-lines? • Antigone’s punishment

  28. Objectives/Ode 3 • Main Idea-Love is relentless, unconquerable! • Warning: love will take you DOWN! • Allusion-goddess Aphrodite-merciless!

  29. Objectives Scene 4 • Mood • Allusions-Acheron, Niobe, Tantalos • Extended Metaphor-bride • Foreshadowing

  30. Objectives/Ode 4 • Greek Allusions • Compare Antigone’s circumstances to these Greek stories. • Theme: Are we destined to repeat the mistakes of our parents? • Is Antigone a victim of fate/destiny?

  31. Aphrodite & Ares

  32. Objectives/Scene 5 • Plot/Rising Action • Irony • Diction/Imagery • Foreshadowing • Character: Static/Dynamic/Motivation

  33. Objectives/Exodus • Plot: Climax & Denouement • Infer/Predict • Symbolism • Metaphor • Theme

  34. Discussion • Is Creon a sympathetic character? • What is ironic about his punishment? • Who is responsible for the tragedies? • How does this play relate to modern life?

  35. Vocab: Scene 3-Exodus • Deference (n) courteous respect • Malicious (adj) mean, spiteful • Somberly (adv) gloomy, serious manner • Piety (n) loyal devotion, duty • Vigil (n) purposeful watching and waiting • Transgress (v) disobey • Wrath (n) intense anger

  36. Vocab: Scene 3-Exodus • Calamity (n) great misfortune, loss • Recoils (v) to shrink back in fear, disgust • Defile (v) to make unclean, dirty

  37. Writing: Enrichment • Ismene Sequel: Report on Ismene’s fate one year after the death of Antigone. Where is she? What is she doing? What is her attitude towards the gods/curse? What is her relationship with Creon now? • Add 5 vocab + hubris and 3 allusions

  38. Test Questions • 44. Antigone will not compromise her ___________ in deference to Creon. • A. principals • B. principles • 45. Haimon finds Antigone lying _________ in her tomb. • A. stationary • B. stationery

  39. Tragic Hero Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

  40. Objectives • SPI 8.4 Analyze the role and function of characters within a literary work • SPI 3.1 Write in a variety of modes (e.g. literary analysis) • 3.2 Prewriting • 3.3 Organize ideas • 3.4 Revise/edit

  41. Tragic Hero • Antigone • vs • Creon

  42. Tragic Hero • 1. Tragedy arouses both fear and pity (catharsis-emotional purge) in the audience for the hero who is neither completely good or evil.

  43. Tragic Hero • 2. A tragic hero is a figure of high standing • 3. who has a tremendous fall from good fortune and suffers calamity (peripeteia-reversal in circumstances).

  44. Tragic Flaw • 4. A fundamental character weakness such as pride, jealousy, arrogance (i.e. hubris), or ambition causes the hero’s downfall.

  45. Tragic Hero • 5.Anagnorisis-The hero accepts responsibility for his downfall. • 6. The hero is also humbled and enlightened.

  46. Tragic Hero • Which character best fits Aristotle’s definition for tragic hero? Why? • Locate evidence and quotes to support your claim. • Focus: Flaw & Enlightenment

  47. +2 Quotes/Evidence • 1. Creon’s flaws/Scenes 2 & 3 • 2. Creon’s flaws/Scenes 4 & 5 • 3. Creon’s enlightenment/ Exodus • 4. Creon’s misfortunes/Exodus

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