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Myers’ Psychology for AP*

Myers’ Psychology for AP*. UNIT 8: Motivation, Emotion & Stress. *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. Unit 8A: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation. Unit Overview. Motivational Concepts

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Myers’ Psychology for AP*

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  1. Myers’ Psychology for AP* UNIT 8: Motivation, Emotion & Stress *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

  2. Unit 8A:Motivation and Emotion: Motivation

  3. Unit Overview • Motivational Concepts • Hunger • Sexual Motivation • The Need to Belong

  4. Introduction to Motivation

  5. Motivational Concepts

  6. Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology • Instinct (fixed pattern) • Instincts in animals • Instincts in humans

  7. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  8. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  9. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  10. Drives and Incentives • Incentive • Positive and negative

  11. Optimum Arousal • Arousal • Optimum level of arousal

  12. A Hierarchy of Motives • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs • Variations in the hierarchy

  13. A Hierarchy of Motives

  14. A Hierarchy of Motives

  15. A Hierarchy of Motives

  16. A Hierarchy of Motives

  17. A Hierarchy of Motives

  18. MASLOW: A Hierarchy of Motives

  19. A Hierarchy of Motives

  20. Recognizing Hunger

  21. The Physiology of Hunger • Contractions of the stomach • Washburn study

  22. The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the Brain • Glucose • Insulin • Hypothalamus • Lateral hypothalamus • orexin • Vetromedial hypothalamus

  23. The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the Brain • Appetite hormones • Ghrelin • Obestatin • PYY • Leptin • Set point • Basal metabolic rate

  24. The Psychology of HungerTaste Preferences: Biology and Culture • Taste preferences • Genetic: sweet and salty • Neophobia • Adaptive taste preferences

  25. The Psychology of HungerEating Disorders • Eating disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa • Binge-eating disorder

  26. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  27. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  28. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  29. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  30. Obesity and Weight Control • Familial or Historical explanations for obesity • Obesity • Definition • Statistics • Obesity and life expectancy

  31. Obesity

  32. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Social Effects of Obesity • Social effects of obesity • Weight discrimination • Psychological effects of obesity

  33. Weight Discrimination

  34. Weight Discrimination

  35. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of Obesity • Set point and metabolism

  36. Factors behind the Physiology of Obesity • The genetic factors (Genetics/MedicalConditions) • Socio-economic factors (Poverty) • The food v. activity factor • Sleep loss (school/work related) • Social influences (like video games) • Food consumption and activity level

  37. Losing Weight • Set realistic and moderate goals • Success stories (become inspired!) • Attitudinal changes (dream it to achieve it!) 

  38. Sexual Motivation

  39. The Physiology of SexThe Sexual Response Cycle • Sexual response cycle • Excitement phase • Plateau phase • Orgasm • Resolution phase • Refractory period(in males)

  40. The Physiology of SexHormones and Sexual Behavior • Effects of hormones • Development of sexual characteristics • Activate sexual behavior • Estrogen • Testosterone

  41. The Psychology of Sex • External stimuli - body language - tactile stimulus - physical contact • Imagined stimuli • Dreams • Sexual fantasies

  42. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  43. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  44. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  45. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  46. Adolescent SexualityContributors in Teen Pregnancy • General ignorance about risks • Minimal communication about birth control or protected sex • Guilt-related sexual activity (peer pressure) • Drug/Alcohol use • False sense of safety from the mass media norms of guilt-free unprotected promiscuity

  47. Adolescent SexualitySexually Transmitted Infections • Review your text for statistics of STIs • Factors in Teen abstinence • High intelligence • Religious engagement • Father presence • Participation in service learning programs

  48. Sexual Orientation • Most common terms: • Homosexual orientation • Heterosexual orientation Please Visit: http://safespacenetwork.tumblr.com/define for a more detailed list of sexual orientations

  49. Origins of Sexual Orientation • Origins of sexual orientation studies • Fraternal birth order effect • Same-sex attraction in animals • The brain and sexual orientation • Genes and sexual orientation • Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation

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