eytan
Uploaded by
24 SLIDES
476 VUES
270LIKES

Respiration

DESCRIPTION

Respiration. Respiration The process by which chemical bond energy in nutrients is used to synthesize ATP Respiration allows for the energy stored in food to be broken down into a form that can be used by an organism.

1 / 24

Télécharger la présentation

Respiration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Respiration

  2. Respiration • The process by which chemical bond energy in nutrients is used to synthesize ATP • Respiration allows for the energy stored in food to be broken down into a form that can be used by an organism. • Respiration is a continuously ongoing process which occurs in almost every cell of an organism

  3. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • ATP: • The chemical energy stored in the bonds of ATP is the only usable form of energy for most living organisms • ATP is formed through the process of respiration ADP + P  ATP Adenosine Diphosphate Phosphate Adenosine Triphosphate

  4. Energy is released by the process of HYDROLYSIS • The process is catalyzed by the enzyme, ATP-ase • Two different types of respiration • Aerobic: Uses free oxygen • Anaerobic: Does not use free oxygen

  5. During respiration, gasses enter and exit the organism by DIFFUSION across “THE MOIST RESPIRATORY SURFACES (MEMBRANES)” • Complex organisms have developed specialized organs with the purpose of absorbing and transporting gasses • AKA the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  6. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION(AKA: FERMENTATION) • All living cells use anaerobic respiration to break down glucose into a useable form of energy, ATP • The process of anaerobic respiration must always begin with the presence of GLUCOSE • The GLUCOSE is then broken down (Glycolysis) with the aid of ENZYMES into PYRUVIC ACID and then into either: • 2 LACTIC ACID + 2 ATP • 2 Alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

  7. Simple BACTERIA and simple ORGANSIMS are unable to carry on aerobic respiration • Yeast are able to perform both forms of respiration, but they are capable of surviving solely on anaerobic in a oxygen poor environment • Muscle cells in more complex organisms perform anaerobic respiration when adequate oxygen is unavailable

  8. Glycolysis Net 2 ATP Fermentation

  9. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • RESULTS • Lactic Acid Fermentation results in Muscle fatigue and the “Burn” • Alcoholic Fermentation • Used in Brewing industry (Beer and Wine) • Used in Baking as the result of CO2 Production

  10. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Respiration that takes place in the presence of OXYGEN • In ANIMALS cellular respiration takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA • In PLANTS, respiration is continuously ongoing regardless of photosynthesis • Chemical Respiration is the SAME in both PLANTS and ANIMALS

  11. Molecules of GLUCOSE are broken down completely into CO2 and H2O • Net gain of 36 ATP per molecule of GLUCOSE • 2 ATP from ANAEROBIC • 34 ATP from AEROBIC

  12. Aerobic Respirationinvolves 2 phases

  13. Adaptations for Respiration • Plants • Leaves • STOMATES on the underside of the leaf open and close to allow for gas exchange • Opening regulated by the Guard Cells • Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through cell membranes that are within the spongy layer • Stems • Gases exchanged through LENTICELS, small openings on stem • Roots • Diffusion of gasses occurs through thin moist membranes of ROOT HAIRS

  14. Monera, Protists, and Fungi • Gas exchange takes place by diffusion through thin, moist, cell membranes Because the cell membrane is (IDCWWE) O2 CO2 CO2 O2

  15. Hydra • All cells are in direct contact with watery environment (ACRIDICWE) O2 CO2

  16. Earthworm • Gas exchange takes place through skin • (must be kept moist with mucus) • Uses hemoglobin to more effectively carry O2 through capillaries • Grasshopper • Gasses carried through TRACHEAL TUBES • Gasses enter body though SPIRACLES, small holes in exoskeleton • Air sacks pump air from outside to the moist membranes of the body cells

  17. Humans • Nasal Cavity • Air enters the body through the nostrils • Nasal Cavity is lined with CILIA • Cleans, Warms, and Moistens air • Pharynx • Area where oral cavity and nasal cavity meet • Trachea (Windpipe) • Tube connecting the PHARYNX and the LUNGS • EPIGLOTTIS • Flap of tissue that covers the trachea to prevent choking • Larynx (Voicebox)

  18. Walls of TRACHEA contain cartilage rings • CILIATED MUCOUS MEMBRANE traps particles in the air and prevents them from entering the lungs • Bronchi and Bronchioles • 2 BRONCHI branch off from end of TRACHEA, one for each lung • Each BRONCHI then branch into smaller BRONCHIOLES • At the end of the BRONCHIOLES are clusters of small air sacs known as ALVEOLI • Alveoli • Thin, Moist walls, surrounded by capillaries • Site of gas exchange

  19. Gases moving in and out of the blood

  20. Respiratory System Disorders • Bronchitis • Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes • Air passages narrow and fill with mucus • Asthma • Allergic reaction • Narrowing of bronchial tubes (Allergic Response) • HISTAMINES are released into the body causing the allergic response

  21. Emphysema • Loss of elasticity of walls of Alveoli due to an overexpansion of the Alveoli due to smoking • Smokers cough: results from damage to the cilia lining the trachea • SOB, difficulty breathing, and decreased lung capacity

More Related