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Lecture 2: A Brief History of Parapsychology

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Lecture 2: A Brief History of Parapsychology. 1. Introduction and basic terminology 2. Evidence from antiquity 3. The rise of spiritualism 4. The Society for Psychical Research 5. 1930-1960s: The Duke University Period 6. Fraud within parapsychology. Precognitive Dreams. Miraculous Healing.

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  1. Lecture 2: A Brief History of Parapsychology • 1. Introduction and basic terminology • 2. Evidence from antiquity • 3. The rise of spiritualism • 4. The Society for Psychical Research • 5. 1930-1960s: The Duke University Period • 6. Fraud within parapsychology

  2. Precognitive Dreams

  3. Miraculous Healing

  4. Strange Powers

  5. Divination

  6. Telepathy

  7. Historical Perspective • Shows that ostensibly paranormal experiences are an important part of human experience • Either paranormal forces exist • Or we learn something useful about human psychology • Makes us question our own assumptions

  8. Do you believe in fairies?

  9. Fairies in Folklore

  10. Cottingley Fairies (1917)Elsie Wright (13)

  11. Cottingley Fairies (1917)Frances Griffiths (10)

  12. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

  13. Cottingley Fairies: Articles

  14. Phrenology

  15. Basic Terminology • Psychokinesis (PK): "the influence of mind on external objects or processes without the mediation of known physical energies or forces" (Wolman, 1977)

  16. Psychokinesis (PK)Nina Kulagina

  17. Basic Terminology • Psychokinesis (PK): "the influence of mind on external objects or processes without the mediation of known physical energies or forces" (Wolman, 1977) • Extrasensory Perception (ESP): "knowledge of or a response to an external event or influence not apprehended through known sensory channels" (Wolman, 1977)

  18. ESP includes: • 1) telepathy (transference of thoughts between two people)

  19. Telepathy?

  20. ESP includes: • 1) telepathy (transference of thoughts between two people) • 2) clairvoyance (awareness of remote objects or events)

  21. Clairvoyance?

  22. ESP includes: • 1) telepathy (transference of thoughts between two people) • 2) clairvoyance (awareness of remote objects or events) • 3) precognition (knowledge of events before they occur, other than as a result of inference)

  23. Precognition?

  24. Psi “a general term to identify a person's extrasensorimotor communication with the environment” (Wolman, 1977). NB: Strict definition of the paranormal, as used by parapsychologists, limits subject matter to PK, ESP, and (possibly) issues relating to life-after-death.

  25. Oracles in Ancient Greece

  26. The Delphic Oracle

  27. King Croesus of Lydia(c. 550 BC)

  28. Biblical examples:Precognitive dreams

  29. Apparitions

  30. Healing

  31. Physical Phenomena

  32. Prophetic Visions

  33. The Rise of Spiritualism:Hydesville, NY, March 1848

  34. The Fox Sisters

  35. Rapping Sounds in the Bedroom …

  36. Communicating with the Spirits?

  37. Typical Seance

  38. Other Strange Phenomena:Levitation

  39. Playing of Musical Instruments by Unseen Hands and Lips

  40. Lights in the Dark

  41. Apports

  42. Materialisation of Spirit Forms

  43. Ectoplasm

  44. Spirit Photographs

  45. Written Communications

  46. “Table Tilting”

  47. Michael Faraday

  48. Robert Hare,American Chemist

  49. Alfred Russell Wallace,Cofounder Theory of Evolution

  50. Sir William Crookes,Discoverer of Thallium