Reforming American Society Chapter 15

1. Reforming American SocietyChapter 15

2. Prior to __________________ • Thomas Paine’s “____________________” - promotes the church is out to “_______________________” = control / profit _________ – science over bible (liberalism) Rejection of _____________________

3. 2nd Great Awakening • Religious movement that swept through the United States after 1790 • Characteristics: (1) ___________ the 18th-century Calvinistic belief of “__________________________” (2) focused on __________________to improve YOUR life and YOUR society (3) Growth of various denominations • Promoted: ________________and RESPONSIBILITY & SELF-RELIANCE (In order to ____________________) • Stems nicely into Jacksonian Democracy (________________________________________)

4. Reformation through ReligionSecond Great Awakening __________________ - Father of “__________________________” REVIVALS - an emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through prayer and preaching Theology: everyone can be saved by a revival MOST NOTED AREA OF REVIVALISM: “______________________” of Western New York – noted for the religious revivals ( ) 1800 – 1 in _____ Americans belonged to a church 1850 – 1 in _____ “_________________” – awaiting people that wanted to accept Christianity would sit here and receive prayer Mormon Migration

5. Mormon Migration • Product of the ____________________________ In 1830, ________________(1805-1844) found golden tablets with the Book of Mormonism inscribed on them in New York and founded the "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." • Troubles: _________________________- Story: Local printing presses created anti-Mormon propaganda. Joseph Smith burns down the printing press and gets thrown in jail. Joseph Smith: beaten to death by an anti-Mormon mob while in jail MAIN PURPOSE OF MIGRATION WEST: ________________________________!!!! • _____________(__________________________) took over and led the Mormons along the "Mormon Trail" to Utah. • Mormonism in Utah: (1) The Mormons quickly ______________________________________ (2) The issue of _______________ delayed Utah's statehood until 1896.

6. Free Education for Free People Free public education was not popular in the early 1800's. * Jacksonian democracy forced the public opinion to begin to change. More and more people could now vote. Young people would soon be voters and thus “_________________The idea of a nation of uneducated illiterates was not appealing. They needed to be educated. • Teachers were not the best, however. They were often ill-educated and ill-trained themselves. ________________(SCHOOL REFORMER) – Father of Public Education • - geared public education toward more “hands-on” issues and strayed away from “dead languages” • Unfortunately: Women and African Americans were • left behind at that time.

7. Age of Reform • Why was “REFORM” sought after? The reform movement was widespread and was pushed to halt cruelty, war, alcohol ("temperance"), discrimination, and slavery. • Women were often the motivators behind these reform movements. They were inspired by the 2nd Great Awakening and felt it their duty as rulers of the home/family to rid society of these vices. ___________________(PRISON REFORMER) sought and got improved treatment for the ________________Prior to her work, mental insanity was viewed as a choice and was dealt with harshly. She brought the terrible treatment to light and got changes made.

8. ____________ Society • Temperance: discouraging _________________(pre-Prohibition) • Led by women • __________________________1823, Boston, Mass. • _________________________________(WCTU) • Most Noted: _______________ • Bulldog of Jesus • “__________________” • Famous Novel T.S.Arthur’s “______________________________________________________” - once-happy village ruined by a tavern (bar) -second place to _________________________________(throughout the 1850s) Temperance vs. _______________________ (moderation) vs. (total elimination) - Hope: lead to Prohibition (_____amendment) / ______________________________” Leader: ______________________________________

9. Women in Revolt / ________________ • 19th century women Women had almost no role outside of the home __________________________(1848) New York - greatest step to women’s rights • Leaders: Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Staton Lucretia Mott They wrote a “______________________" arguing that • "all men and women were created equal." It demanded female suffrage Neither of these things happened anytime soon, but the women's rights movement was born.

10. Ideal Communities ___________________– “perfect place” Examples: • _________________, Indiana • _________________, Massachusetts Purpose: “prepare a society of liberal, intelligent and cultivated persons, whose relations with each other would permit a more wholesome and simple life that can be led amongst the pressures of our competitive institutions” -____________(transcendentalist) Downfall: _______________________________

11. Transcendentalism • Alternative to traditional religion • Mid-1800s culture (1) ______________________– leader of the “transcendentalist movement” – philosophical and literary movement that emphasized and celebrated the “__________________” and personal imagination emotion…..optimism and self-reliance, ___________________!! (2) ________________________ (philosopher, environmentalist, abolitionist and transcendentalist) Put “__________________” into practice…. Abandons community life, built himself a cabin on the shore of Walden Pond near Concord, Mass., where he lived along for 2 years. (borrowed tools - $28) "I have always regretted that I am not as wise as the day I was born." _______ – published in 1854 - urged people to abandon materialism that affected the lives of Americans __________________________________– Henry David Thoreau *peacefully disobeying an unjust law (Thoreau’s work / theories influence Mahatma Gandhi, MLK, Nelson Mandela) (3) Walt Whitman – ___________________________